Further organic chemistry: Carboxylic acids -4
- Created by: Shannon
- Created on: 07-04-15 10:11
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- Carboxylic acids
- Functional group -COOH
- Physical properties
- Boiling temperatures
- Polar molecules, so high boiling point
- Boiling point even higher than expected due to the formation of diemers
- H bonding between carboxylic acids
- Solubility
- Small chain molecules very soluble due to ability to H bond with water
- Solubility decreases as chain length increases - stronger intermolecular forces at hydrophilic end of molecule
- Boiling temperatures
- Preparation
- Oxidation of alcohols
- Primary alcohol -> Aldehyde -> Carboxylic acid
- Heated under reflux with potassium dichromate and H2SO4
- Hydrolysis of nitriles
- Reflux nitrile with dilute HCl
- Carboxylic acid distilled off
- Reflux nitrile with dilute HCl
- Oxidation of alcohols
- Reactions
- With LiAlH4 in dry ether
- Reduction reaction
- Formation of primary alcohol
- Neutralisation
- Production of a salt
- Reaction with a base e.g NaOH
- with PCl5
- Formation of acyl chloride
- -OH replaced with -Cl
- Steamy fumes of hydrogen chloride given off
- Esterification
- Addition of alcohol and an acid catalyst, warmed under reflux
- Condensation reaction
- Alcohol responsible for first part of name, e.g pentanol = pentyl
- Carboxylic acid responsible for second part of name, e.g methanoic acid = methanoate
- With LiAlH4 in dry ether
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