Biology- enzymes and digestion

Created by: 24boxkg17
Created on: 08-10-20 16:00

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Enzymes and Digestion
- Enzymes
  - Definition
    - Enzymes are made of protein and act as biological catalysts that speed up the rate of chemical reactions in the body.
  - Lock+key model
- Balanced diet
  - Carbohydrates
    - Release energy via respiration
      - Rice, pasta, potatoes
  - Fibre
    - Prevents constipation / healthy digestive system
      - Brown bread, fruit and veg
  - Iron
    - Used to make haemoglobin in red blood cells
      - Red meat, green / leafy vegetables
  - Vitamin C
    - Maintain your gums + help to absorb iron
      - Citrus fruits
  - Protein
    - Grow and repair muscles
      - Meat, fish, eggs, nuts, beans
  - Fat
    - Insulation / energy store
      - Butter, oil
- Food tests
  - Protein
    - Biruet
      - Start: Blue
      - If positive: Violet
  - Starch
    - Iodine
      - Start: Yellow/brown
      - If Positive: Blue/black
  - Sugar
    - Benedict's
      - Start: Blue (Boil it)
      - If positive: Red/orange
- Excess in diet
  - Salt
    - >High blood pressure
  - Fat
    - >Obesity
      - >Heart disease
  - Sugar
    - >Tooth decay
      - >Type 2 diabetes
- Digestive system
  - Digestion is the breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into smaller, soluble molecules, which can easily be absorbed into the blood for use by the cells within the body.
  - Mouth
    - Saliva contains Carbohydra-es
  - Oesophagus
    - Tube connecting mouth to stomach
  - Stomach
    - Secretes Protease/ contains acid
  - Small intestine
    - Lipase works here - absorbs products into blood
  - Large intestine
    - Absorbs water
  - Rectum
    - Stores faeces before egestion
  - Anus
    - Ring of muscle - opens to release faeces
  - Liver
    - Secretes bile
  - Gall bladder
    - Stores bile
  - Bile duct
    - Releases bile into the small intestine
  - Pancreas
    - Secretes digestive enzymes

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Biology- enzymes and digestion

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