Biology: Enzymes and digestion
- Created by: N.A.N.A.
- Created on: 26-11-19 20:25
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- DIGESTION AND ENZYMES
- DIGESTION
- Digestive enzymes are protease, lipase and carbohydrase
- Protease digests proteins, lipase digests lipids, carbohydrase digests carbohydrates, the products can be used to build new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
- Amalayse produced in pancreas and salivary glands, breaks down starch into sugar (maltose)
- Protease produced in pancreas stomach, and small intestine, breaks down proteins into amino acids (or peptides)
- Lipase produced in pancreas and small intestine, breaks down lipids into fatty acids and glycerol
- Enzymes pass out of cells into digestive system, catalsye the breakdown of large insoluable food molecules to smaller soluable molecules
- Digestive enzymes are produced by specialised cells in glands and lining of gut
- Required practical: reagents to test for proteins, lipids and carbohydrates
- Test for sugar: add Benedict's reagent (heat in water bath for two minutes) , will turn brick red if present
- Test for starch: Add Iodine solution, will turn blue black if present
- Test for protein: Add Biuret reagent, will turn purple if present
- Protease digests proteins, lipase digests lipids, carbohydrase digests carbohydrates, the products can be used to build new carbohydrates, lipids and proteins
- Digestive enzymes are protease, lipase and carbohydrase
- ENZYMES
- Biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms
- Properties of enzymes: all large proteins, space in protein molecule called active site, each catalyses specific reaction, work best at optimum (temperature and pH)
- Lock and key theory: substrate (key) fits into enzymes active site (lock)
- High temperatures and extreme pHs denature the enzyme (make it change shape so it doesn't fit substrate)
- BILE
- Liquid made in the liver and stored in gall bladder
- Is an alkaline used to neutralise hydrochloric acid from the stomach
- Emulsifies fat to form small droplets meaning a larger surface area for enzymes (lipase) to act on
- Liquid made in the liver and stored in gall bladder
- TISSUES ORGANS AND ORGAN SYSTEMS
- A tissue is a group of cells with similar functions that work together to do a similar structure and function
- Muscle tissue contracts to bring about movement
- Glandular tissue produces substances like enzymes and hormones
- Epithelial tissue covers organs
- Organs are groups of different tissues that work together to do a specific job
- In the stomach: muscle churns food, glandular tissue secretes digestive juices and epithelial tissue covers inside and outside lining
- Organ systems are groups of organs working together to do a particular job
- Digestive system is an organ system, lots of organ systems work together to form an organism
- A tissue is a group of cells with similar functions that work together to do a similar structure and function
- DIGESTION
- Nana Agyemang
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