B4
- Created by: amanmessinezis
- Created on: 14-11-17 19:13
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- B4
- Respration
- Process of transferring energy from the breakdown of glucose
- However, organisms can break other molecules such as carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.
- Plants make glucose by photosynthesising
- Animals respire by breaking down biomass after consuming other organisms
- Needed to survive - it is continuous in every cell
- Several different chemical reactions (controlled by enzymes)
- Rate of respiration depends on the temperature and pH
- Exothermic
- Aerobic and Anaerobic respiratio
- Aerobic Respiration
- When there is plenty of oxygen
- Most efficient way to transfer energy from glucose
- Each molecule of glucose creates 32 molecules of ATP!
- Takes place in mitochondria for eukaryotic cells - Powerhouse
- Takes place in the cytoplasm for Prokaryotic cells such as bacteria
- Anaerobic Respiration
- Without oxygen
- Takes place in cytoplasm
- Vigorous Excercise
- Lack of oxygen to be transferred
- Plant root cells
- If soil gets waterlogged - no oxygen is available
- Glucose Produces Lactic Acid
- Fermentation is another type of Anaerobic respiration because there is no oxygen present
- Aerobic Respiration
- Process of transferring energy from the breakdown of glucose
- Cell Cycle and Mitosis
- Divide cells to make more cells
- Mitosis
- Creates the exact same copy as the mother cell
- Somatic Cells
- When cells are damaged or need replacement
- Mitosis
- Divide cells to make more cells
- Microscopy
- Total Magnification = Eyepiece lens Magnification multiplied by the objective lens magnification
- Magnification = Measured Size divided by Actual Size
- Sexual Reproduction
- Gametes
- Contain half the number of chromosomes (23)
- Meiosis
- Divide cells to make more cells
- Mitosis
- Creates the exact same copy as the mother cell
- Somatic Cells
- When cells are damaged or need replacement
- Mitosis
- Sex Cells
- DNA duplicates so there is enough for each new cell
- Chromosomes (made by DNA) line up down the middle of the cell
- Get pulled by fibres which then create two new cells. Some mother chromosomes and father chromosomes are sent to the cell too
- Mixture of mother and father chromosomes forms variation
- Chromosomes get pulled again - leaving one armed chromosomes
- Your final product is 4 daughter cells
- Chromosomes get pulled again - leaving one armed chromosomes
- Mixture of mother and father chromosomes forms variation
- Get pulled by fibres which then create two new cells. Some mother chromosomes and father chromosomes are sent to the cell too
- Chromosomes (made by DNA) line up down the middle of the cell
- Divide cells to make more cells
- Combine genetic information to form a genetically different to either parent
- Fertilisation -when the gametes fuse
- Sperm enters the egg (zygote)
- Chromosomes then pair up
- Mitosis occurs to then develop an embryo
- Chromosomes then pair up
- Sperm enters the egg (zygote)
- Gametes
- Respration
- As it cannot happen directly, ATP is made by the energy transferred.
- Stores the energy and used for many essential processes
- Breaking and making products
- Active transport
- Contracting muscles
- Needed to survive - it is continuous in every cell
- Stores the energy and used for many essential processes
- DNA is spread in long strings
- Cell grows for subcellular structures to form
- Duplicates its DNA
- Left arm has the exact same DNA as the right
- Forms chromosomes (X Shaped)
- Left arm has the exact same DNA as the right
- Line up down the middle so cell fibres can pull them apart
- Cytoplasm and Membrane divide. Form 2 "daughter cells"
- Duplicates its DNA
- Cell grows for subcellular structures to form
- Formula for number of cells made after numerous divisions by mitosis is a big formula
- 2 raised to the power of n
- Cancer
- Uncontrollable cell division
- Leads to a lump of cells that are abnormal - Tumor
- Environment
- Genetic
- Cell Cycle and Mitosis
- Uncontrollable cell division
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