b2
- Created by: bwillows1
- Created on: 11-05-14 13:24
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- B2
- microorganisms and disease
- the effects an infection has on the body such as fever or rash are called symptoms
- different microorganisms cause different symptoms but all damage body cells
- some microorganisms damage body cells directly
- e.g - malaria parasites invade red blood cells and multiply inside of them eventually making the cells burst open. malaria causes flu like symptoms
- some microorganisms damage body cells directly
- different microorganisms cause different symptoms but all damage body cells
- many infectious microorganisms produce poisons (toxins) that damage cells
- some bacteria produce proteins that damage the material holding the cells together
- this helps bacteria to invade the body deeper
- staphylococcus bacteria is caused by food poisoning
- this helps bacteria to invade the body deeper
- other microorganisms produce toxins that poison cells causing fever or inflamation
- some strains of Escherichia coli cause diarrhoea by secreting toxic substances
- some bacteria produce proteins that damage the material holding the cells together
- microorganisms produce quickly inside the human body
- reproduce by making copies of themselves
- to do this they need a source of nutrients for energy, they need warm moist conditions so that chemical reactions inside them can take place
- in the body (especially intestines) we have all these conditions so bacteria can quickly multiply
- to do this they need a source of nutrients for energy, they need warm moist conditions so that chemical reactions inside them can take place
- reproduce by making copies of themselves
- viruses need other cells to reproduce
- they use parts of other cells to make copies of themselves
- certain viruses easily produce inside the human body as there are lots of the right kinds of cells for them to use.
- they use parts of other cells to make copies of themselves
- the effects an infection has on the body such as fever or rash are called symptoms
- the immune system
- role of the immune system is to deal with any infectious microorganisms that enter the body
- an immune response always involves white blood cells
- anything that gets into the body should be picked up straight away by a certain type of white blood cell
- able to detect things that are 'foreign' to the body EG microorganisms
- these white blood cells are non specific and attack anything that is nor meant to be there
- there are different types
- a different group of white blood cells attack specific microorganis
- these white blood cells have receptors that recognize particular antigens
- antigens are substances that trigger immune responses
- they are usually protein molecules on the surface of a microorganism cell
- certain types of white blood cells produce antibodies
- antibodies are proteins specific to a particular antigen
- different microorganisms have different anitgens
- antibodies latch on to invading microoragnisms
- then they do one of 3 things...
- some can attach to bacteria and kill them directly
- mark the microorganism so another white blood cell can engulf and digest it
- bind to neutralise viruses or toxins
- once the right blood cell recognises the antigens on a microorganism it divides to make more identical cells which makes lots of the right antibody to fight the infection
- some white blood cells stay in blood = MEMORY CELLS
- memory cells can produce very quickly if the same antigen enters the body for a second time
- fight of infection before you become iill
- = IMMUNE
- fight of infection before you become iill
- memory cells can produce very quickly if the same antigen enters the body for a second time
- some white blood cells stay in blood = MEMORY CELLS
- then they do one of 3 things...
- antibodies are proteins specific to a particular antigen
- antigens are substances that trigger immune responses
- these white blood cells have receptors that recognize particular antigens
- a different group of white blood cells attack specific microorganis
- able to detect things that are 'foreign' to the body EG microorganisms
- there are different types
- a different group of white blood cells attack specific microorganis
- these white blood cells have receptors that recognize particular antigens
- antigens are substances that trigger immune responses
- they are usually protein molecules on the surface of a microorganism cell
- certain types of white blood cells produce antibodies
- antibodies are proteins specific to a particular antigen
- different microorganisms have different anitgens
- antibodies latch on to invading microoragnisms
- then they do one of 3 things...
- some can attach to bacteria and kill them directly
- mark the microorganism so another white blood cell can engulf and digest it
- bind to neutralise viruses or toxins
- once the right blood cell recognises the antigens on a microorganism it divides to make more identical cells which makes lots of the right antibody to fight the infection
- some white blood cells stay in blood = MEMORY CELLS
- memory cells can produce very quickly if the same antigen enters the body for a second time
- fight of infection before you become iill
- = IMMUNE
- fight of infection before you become iill
- memory cells can produce very quickly if the same antigen enters the body for a second time
- some white blood cells stay in blood = MEMORY CELLS
- then they do one of 3 things...
- antibodies are proteins specific to a particular antigen
- antigens are substances that trigger immune responses
- these white blood cells have receptors that recognize particular antigens
- a different group of white blood cells attack specific microorganis
- anything that gets into the body should be picked up straight away by a certain type of white blood cell
- an immune response always involves white blood cells
- role of the immune system is to deal with any infectious microorganisms that enter the body
- microorganisms and disease
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