Chemistry 1.1
- Created by: LilyTaylor
- Created on: 18-03-15 19:06
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- Atoms, Elements, The Periodic Table, Compounds, Limestone
- Atoms
- Everything made from them.
- Only seen by extremely strong microscope
- Small nucleus, surrounded by electrons
- Nucleus at centre containing protons and neutrons
- Protons = +
- Neutrons = 0
- Electrons = -
- Neucleus has overall positive charge due to protons
- Electrons
- Move around nucleus
- Charge = -
- Occupy shells around nucleus
- First shell can hold 2 electrons
- Second and third shells hold 8 electrons each
- HAVE NO OVERALL CHARGE
- No. of protons = No. of electrons
- If some electrons are added or removed, the atom becomes charged and is then an ION
- No. of protons decides what type of atom it is
- The Periodic Table
- Atoms represented by symbols
- Elements with similar properties form columns
- Columns = Groups
- All elements in a group have same No. of electrons in outer shell
- Noble gases = Group 8 = Unreactive and stable
- Elements
- Top No. = MASS NUMBER The total No. of protons and neutrons
- Bottom No. = ATOMIC NUMBER. The No. of protons = No. of electrons.
- Compounds
- Elements + other elements = compunds
- COVALENT BONDS = SHARE ELECTRONS
- Compound formed from from non-metals
- MOLECULES
- IONIC BONDS = ELECTRONS LOST/ GAINED
- Compound formed from metal and non-metal
- IONS
- Metal atoms lose electrons = POSITIVE IONS
- Non-metal gains electrons = NEGATIVE IONS
- OPPOSITE CHARGES = STRONG BONDS
- Carbon + Oxygen = Carbon dioxide
- LIMESTONE
- Limestone = mainly calcium carbonate
- CaCO3
- Heating = Thermal decomposition
- CaO (+ heat) makes CaO + CO2
- ( Calcium Carbonate + heat makes Calcium Oxide + Carbon Dioxide )
- Mg, Zn, Cu and Na carbonates decompose in the same way
- CaO (+ heat) makes CaO + CO2
- Heating = Thermal decomposition
- Acid Rain
- Calcium Carbonate + Sulphuric Acid makes Calcium Sulphate + Carbon Dioxide + Water
- Limestone is damaged by acid rain
- Calcium Carbonate + Sulphuric Acid makes Calcium Sulphate + Carbon Dioxide + Water
- CaCO3
- Limestone = mainly calcium carbonate
- Atoms
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