Atoms & Ionising Radiation
AQA Seperate Science - Physics: 2B - Electricity and the Atom
Mindmap Covering:
- Isotopes
- Radioactivity
- Background Radiation
- Alpha radiation
- Beta radiation
- Gamma rtadiation
- Radiation Dose
-Effects
-Location
-Occupation
- Magnetic Fields in radiation
- Created by: Ellie
- Created on: 17-04-14 10:23
View mindmap
- Atoms and Ionising Radiation
- Isotopes
- Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
- This means they have the same atomic number but a different mass number
- Atomic Number is the number of protons in an atom
- Mass Number is the number of protons + the number of neutrons in an atom
- This means they have the same atomic number but a different mass number
- Most elements have different isotopes
- Some isotopes are more stable than others
- The unstable isotopes tend to be radioactive
- This means they decay into other elements and give out radiation
- The unstable isotopes tend to be radioactive
- Some isotopes are more stable than others
- Isotopes are atoms with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons
- Radioactivity
- Radioactive substances give out radiation from the nuclei of their atoms
- Random process
- Unaffected by physical conditions e.g: Temperature or chemical bonding
- Radioactive substances spit out ether Gamma, Beta or Alpha Radiation
- Background Radiation
- Present at all times
- Naturally occuring
- Unstable isotopes
- Food, air, building materials, rocks
- Unstable isotopes
- From Space
- Cosmic Rays
- The Sun
- Cosmic Rays
- Man Made sources
- Fall out from nuclear weapons tests, Nuclear waste and nuclear accidents
- 3 Types of radiation
- Alpha Particles (?)
- Two Neutrons & Two protons
- Positive Charge
- Big, heavy and slow moving
- Dont penetrate very far and are stopped quickly in air
- Strongly ionising
- Get deflected through magnetic fields
- Two Neutrons & Two protons
- Beta Particles (?)
- Electrons
- Move quite fast and are quite small
- Have a long range in air and penetrate moderately
- Moderately ionising
- For every ? particle emitted a neutron turns to a proton in the nucleus
- Charge of -1
- Get deflected through magnetic fields the opposite way to an alpha particle
- Gamma Rays
- Penetrate far into materials
- Pass straight through air
- Weakly ionising
- Alpha Particles (?)
- Radiation Dose depends on Location and occupation
- Location
- Certain areas of the UK have higher amounts of radiation because of underground rocks
- Occupation
- Nuclear industry workers & Uranium miners
- Exposed to 10 times as much radiation
- Wear protective clothing & face masks
- Exposed to 10 times as much radiation
- Radiographers
- Use ionising radiation
- Wear protective clothing & face masks
- Use ionising radiation
- pilots
- at high altitudes background radiation increases
- Miners
- Radiation in rocks
- Nuclear industry workers & Uranium miners
- Location
- Isotopes
Comments
No comments have yet been made