AO1: The Biological Approach

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  • AO1: The Biological Approach
    • Assumptions
      • Everything psychological is first biological
        • Human behaviour can be understood by looking at a person's biology
        • e.g. genes, neuro-chemistry and the nervous system
      • Behaviour has a genetic and neuro-chemical basis
        • Behaviours are inherited in the same way as physical characteristics
        • Neuro-chemistry can explain behaviour e.g. low levels of serotonin causing OCD
      • The mind and body are one and the same
        • All thoughts and feelings ultimately have a physical basis
        • Contrasting to the cognitive approach which sees the mind as separate from the body
    • Twin Studies
      • Used to investigate the genetic basis of a behaviour
      • Concordance rates between twins are calculated (the extent to which they share the same characteristic)
      • Higher concordance rates between monozygotic (MZ) twins shows evidence of a gentic basis to a behaviour
      • Higher concordance rates between dizygotic (DZ) twins shows no evidence of a genetic basis to a behaviour
    • Genotype and phenotype
      • Genotype
        • A person's genotype is their actual genetic make-up
        • Supports the 'nature' argument of nature vs nurture
      • Phenotype
        • The way genes are expressed through physical, behavioural psychological characteristics (the expression of a genotype)
        • Influenced by environmentalfactors
        • Supports the 'nurture' view of nature vs nurture
    • The theory of evolution
      • Used to explain aspects of behaviour
      • Any genetically determined behaviour that enhances survival and reproduction is passed onto future generations
      • These genes are described as adaptive and give the possessor and offspring survival advantages
      • E.g. attachment behaviours in newborns promote survival, and are therefore adaptive and naturally selected

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