America 1820-1857
- Created by: Bobwilliams
- Created on: 04-06-15 21:00
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- America 1820-1857
- Before 1820
- 1808 Slave trade becomes illegal
- 1 million + slaves in America
- 1787 North ban slavery in North Western territory
- 1793 Eli Whitneys invention of cotton gin
- 1808 Slave trade becomes illegal
- Missouri Compromise 1820
- Cause
- Solution/ compromise
- Maine to be added aswell as Missuri so thebalance is therefore equal
- No slavery in the Louisianna purchase terrirtory North of 36:30 South of line could exist
- Texan independance 1836
- No official help sent by president Jackson however hundreads of Americans from the South and West rushed to Texasthis created a American-Texan Army
- Texas not admitted as a state due to the North not allowing it due to the fact that it was big enough to be turned into several states therefore spread slavery
- Became a large issue in the 1844 election
- Whig Clay vs Democrate Polk. Polk won !Texas addmitted to the Union in 1845 as a terrirtory
- Became a large issue in the 1844 election
- Laws resented by Texans towards Mexico e.g ban on slavery and no allowing Americans to immigrate to texas
- Mexican War
- Cause
- Mexicans angered at the annexiation of Texas
- $2 Million dollars owed to American citizens due to Mexican riots
- Polk sent John Slidell in 1845 to offer $30 million dollars for New Mexico and Calafornia This was refused
- Polk sent troops in the disputed border to provoke an attack this occured in May 1846
- Congress declared war
- South and West fully support . North think its just Southern aggression
- War
- Won by America
- Cosy $1000 million
- 13,000 dead soldiers
- Outcome of the war The treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo Sighned in 1848
- Calafornia and New Mexico were ceceded to the USA
- USA paid Mexio $15 million for this and pay claims of American citizens
- Polk unhappy with treaty he wanted more however Northern opinion
- However he accepted
- Impact
- Wilmot Proviso (David Wilmot)
- Slavery excluded from any gained land
- Passed house of representatives but not the sneate
- Slavery excluded from any gained land
- Calhoun doctrine (John Calhoun)
- 1847 issued several resolutions
- Citizens of USA can take there property anywhere
- If the Northern majority continued to over ride the South then they would have little options but to secede
- Congress had no authority to place restrictions of slavery in the gained terrirtory
- 1847 issued several resolutions
- Idea of popular sovereignty
- Problem with when the quetion should be asked
- Wilmot Proviso (David Wilmot)
- Cause
- 1848 election
- Taylor (Whig) vs Cass (Democrate)
- Taylor wins
- Allowed states to apply for state hood and choose whether to bar slavery or keep it
- 1849 California ratified a constitution prohibiting slavery and applied for immediate admission to the union
- Taylors policys were resented by the South as they fealt that they were excluded from territory gained
- Believed that because this occured teny should be compensated
- 1849 Mississippi called on all slave states to a meeting in nashville to devise and adopt resistance to the North
- Southerners complained that the fugative slave act was not being was not being enforced
- Northerners objected the fact that Slavery was allowed in Washington
- Issue with boundary disputes between New Mexico and Texas North supported New Mexico and the South supported Texas
- Increased idea of seccession
- Allowed states to apply for state hood and choose whether to bar slavery or keep it
- Taylor wins
- Taylor (Whig) vs Cass (Democrate)
- The 1850 compromise
- This was needed as Taylor was ready to go to the south with an army to prevent secession
- Henry Clay comes up with resolutions January 1850
- Calafornia admitted as a free state
- Utah and New Mexico to be organised as territories without any mention of slavery
- Slave trading but not slavery to be banned in Washington its self
- More stringent fugative slave act to be passed
- To resolve the Texas - New Mexico dispute . Texas should surrender the disputed land and Congress would take the $10 million public debt that Texas owed
- End of the crisis
- 1850 nine slave states out of 16 met at Nashville
- Taylors death has large implications reduced chance of war
- Fillmore replaces Taylor
- Clays proposal not accepted
- Senator Douglass took over the compromise he stripped down Clays bill into component parts. Each part as a seperate bill
- September 1850 all parts of compromise passed
- Statehood for calafornia
- Territorial status for Utah and New Mexico allowing popular sovereignty
- Resolution of Texas/ New Mexico border dispute
- Abolition of slave trade in Washington DC
- New fugative slave act
- North/South problems 1850-1853
- Fugative slave act
- Diddnt arrest an illeged runaway slave fine of $1000!
- If caught providing food or shelter for a fugative six months imprisonment and $1000 fine
- Diddnt arrest an illeged runaway slave fine of $1000!
- Uncle Toms Cabin (Harriet Beecher Stowe)
- Sold 3000,000 copies in 1852 and a furthur 2 million in the next 10 years
- 1853 election Democrat Pierce vs Whig Scott
- Pierce wins
- Wanted to expand into different territories
- Gasadan Purchase
- Gave Gadsdan the authority to purchase 250,000 square miles of Mexican territory. Got 54,000 square miles . This allowed a route of a railway to the pacific
- Trying to obtain Cuba through overthrowing government
- Pierce wins
- Fugative slave act
- Kansas-Nebraska
- Put forward by Douglas it divided Kansas(West off Missouri) and Nebraska (West of Iowa) into two seperate territories
- Whether there slave or free determined by popular sovereignty
- Both North and South moved to kansas in order to vote for there belief
- Southerners outnumbered northerners
- First case of popular sovereignty the pro slavers won however there was a call for reelection due to fraud in some areas in July 1855 Anti slavers won this but were turned away by pro slave legislature
- Due to this they set up there own govner and legislate in Torpeka
- The divide between them lead to a cicil war in Kansas 30 people died
- Lead to violance in congress (bleeding Sumner)Sumner beat up by Brooks due to refereing to a family member
- The divide between them lead to a cicil war in Kansas 30 people died
- Due to this they set up there own govner and legislate in Torpeka
- Put forward by Douglas it divided Kansas(West off Missouri) and Nebraska (West of Iowa) into two seperate territories
- Dread Scott decision March 1857
- Was a slave became free due to living in a free state in 1846 The court said he had no right to be free
- Gag rule 1836-1844
- rule that limits or forbids the raising, consideration, contribution, or discussion of Slavery
- Nullification crisis 1832
- South Carolina refused to pay tariff
- Jackson threatened to go in with an army
- Increased importt costs and only seen to benefit the North
- Shrunk English demand for cotton
- South Carolina refused to pay tariff
- Before 1820
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