Alkanes overview
- Created by: Edie Shakespeare
- Created on: 12-10-22 16:07
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- Alkanes
- saturated hydrocarbons, general formula CnH2n+2
- bond fission
- homolytic- bond breaks evenly, each bonding atom recieves one electron
- heterolytic- bond breaks unevenly with one bonding atom receiving both electrons
- free radical substitution
- 1. Initiation, Cl-Cl bond broken(homolytically) producing Cl. +Cl.
- 2. Propagation, radicals are used up, Cl. reacts with CH4(methane) producing CH3. +HCL the Ch3. then reacts with another Cl2 producing CH3Cl+Cl. . This reaction repeats.
- 3. Termination, two free radicals join together to make a stable molecule, cl.+CH3. produces CH3Cl
- 2. Propagation, radicals are used up, Cl. reacts with CH4(methane) producing CH3. +HCL the Ch3. then reacts with another Cl2 producing CH3Cl+Cl. . This reaction repeats.
- loads of possible termination products therefore ending up with a mixture of products.
- 1. Initiation, Cl-Cl bond broken(homolytically) producing Cl. +Cl.
- Crude oil
- made up of mainly alkanes
- seperated by fractional distillation by vaporising it at about 350 derees.
- cracking is used to break heavier (long chained) that aren't distlled to make more useful stuff ( from bitumen).
- thermal cracking- produces lots of alkene, 1000 degrees and high pressure. Produces polymers.
- catalytic cracking produces lots of aromatic compounds using zeolite catalyst to save time and energy.
- alkanes can be reformed to aromatic and cycloalkanes. converting straight chain alkanes.
- Fuels
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