4.3
- Created by: Bendavies103
- Created on: 15-12-19 18:21
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- alcohols and Phenols
- alcohols
- classification
- Secondary: have two carbons directly attached to the C-OH group
- Tertiary: have three carbons directly attached to the C-OH group
- Primary: no more than one carbon directly bonded to the C-OH group
- formation
- from a halogenoalkane
- reflux with aqueous NaOH
- Nucleophilic substitution
- test that reaction has occurred with AgNO3 ( yellow precipitate)
- From alderhydes and ketones
- Reducing agent NaBH4
- from a halogenoalkane
- reactions
- reaction with hydrogen halides
- Chlorination
- Pass HCl gas into alcohol in the presence of ZnCl2 catalyst
- Bromination
- Heat the alcohol, KBr and 50% H2SO4
- Iodination
- warm with red phosphorus and iodine
- Chlorination
- Producing an ester
- with ethanoyl chloride
- react primary or seconday alcohol with acyl chloride
- gives a higher yield than carboxylic acid but is not cost effective at an industrial level
- with carboxylic acid
- reflux a carboxylic acid and alcohol
- H2SO4 catalyst
- remove water to shift equilibrium to RHS to make more product
- with ethanoyl chloride
- reaction with hydrogen halides
- classification
- phenols
- Benzene ring where a hydroxyl group is bonded directly to the ring
- acidity of phenol
- benzene ring weakens the O-H bond
- the H+ can be lost in aqueous solution meaning phenols are weakly acidic
- is stable as the negative charge is spread around the ring
- stronger acid than alcohols but less strong than carboxylic acids
- reactions
- with Bromine
- produces 2,3,4- tribromophenol (white precipitate)
- test for bromine as the bromine is decolourised
- with aqueous Iron (III) chloride
- turns purple if phenol is preset
- with Bromine
- alcohols
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