1.1 System architecture
- Created by: NeoSaysHey
- Created on: 16-05-17 10:00
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- 1.1 System Architecture
- CPU
- The CPU is the 'brains' of the computer, it processes data and carries out instructions (executes them)
- Components of the CPU
- Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
- Part of the architecture solely involved with performing calculations upon the data
- Not just addition, subtraction, multiplication and division, but also data comparisons such as greater than, less than and equal to.
- Part of the architecture solely involved with performing calculations upon the data
- Control Unit (CU)
- Manages the process of moving data in and out of memory and executing instrutctions one at a time
- Cache
- A very fast, small amount of memory on the processor chip
- An intermediary between the processor and main memory
- Cache holds commonly used instructions
- Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
- Fetch-Decode-Execute (FDE)
- Fetch
- The data/ instruction that has been addressed is sent along the data bus back to the processor
- This is then held in the Memory Data Register - Afterwards, it is sent to the Current Instruction Register
- Decode
- The instruction to be decoded is held in the Current Instruction Register
- The instruction is split into an Op-Code and an Operand.
- The instruction to be decoded is held in the Current Instruction Register
- Decode
- This is then held in the Memory Data Register - Afterwards, it is sent to the Current Instruction Register
- The data/ instruction that has been addressed is sent along the data bus back to the processor
- Fetch
- CPU performance
- Clock speed
- Clock speed is measured in Hertz (Hz). 1 Hert is 1 instruction executed per second.
- Average speeds range from 2-4 GHz (2-4 billion instructions executed per second)
- Clock speed is measured in Hertz (Hz). 1 Hert is 1 instruction executed per second.
- Cache size
- Cache is a very small amount of memory on the processor chip. The cache acts as an intermediary between the processor and main memory
- The Cache holds frequently used instructions for faster recall as programs are executing.
- Cache is a very small amount of memory on the processor chip. The cache acts as an intermediary between the processor and main memory
- Number of cores
- Each processor has a 'core' in which instructions can be executed
- Processors can be multi-core. Each core executes instructions individually. A dual core can be expected to execute up to twice as many instructions per second.
- Each processor has a 'core' in which instructions can be executed
- Clock speed
- Embedded systems
- An embedded system is made of both software and hardware
- Usually for specialised tasks
- Does not contain an Operating System
- Usually for specialised tasks
- Examples
- Microwave
- Dishwasher
- Electric oven
- An embedded system is made of both software and hardware
- Von Neumann Architecture
- Components
- Program Counter
- Holds the location of the next instruction or data address in main memory.
- MDR (Memory
Data Register)
- Once instructions or data are brought from the memory address in the main memory via the data bus, they are placed in the MDR
- Accumulator
- Results of calculations are placed here from the ALU
- Buses
- A set of parallel wires connection 2 or more independent components of a computer system in order to pass signals between them
- MAR(Memory Address Register)
- The contents of the PC are copied here and then transferred along the Address bus to the Main memory
- Program Counter
- Components
- CPU
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