Working-class boys do not even try to gain academic success- as that is a middle-class value.
Working-class boys do try to gain academic success- as that is a middle-class value they want to achieve.
Working class boys try to gain academic success while middle class reject it entirely.
Working class boys do not achieve academically as much as working class girls.
7. What does Cohen recognise within a subculture?
The deviant means to achieve society's goals are rejected and not seen as the norm.
The deviant means to achieve society’s goals often become the accepted norm.
The legit means to achieve society's goals are the only accepted norm.
It is impossible to achieve society's goals legitimately.
8. What are retreatist subcultures?
Formed by youths who fail to achieve in deviant, illegitimate terms. They will retreat from society’s values, often turning to support from a range of sources.
Formed by youths who achieve in legitimate terms. They will conform to society’s values, holding down steady jobs.
Formed by youths who fail to achieve in legitimate or illegitimate terms. They will retreat from society’s values, often turning to addiction or petty crime.
Formed by youths who fail to achieve in legitimate or illegitimate terms. They will retreat from society’s values, often turning to support from a range of sources.
9. What did Cloward and Ohlin say about blocked opportunities?
Blocked opportunities are only experienced by women, ethnic minorities, disabled people, working class and those who are part of the LGBTQ+ community
It is impossible for opportunities to be blocked in society, as society is a meritocracy. If people work hard, they can achieve through legal means.
Just as some people experience ‘blocked opportunities’ to get goals through legal means, not everyone can achieve things through illegal means.
It is easy to achieve through illegal means, and anyone is capable of succeeding.
10. What does Cohen claim working class boys are aware of?
Mainstream values, such as success at school, knowing that you can get good status through these things.
Criminal values, such as robbing a shop, knowing that you can get good status through these things.
Deviant values, such as getting into fights, knowing that you can get respect through these things.
School values, such as academic success, knowing that you can get good status through these things.
11. What did Cloward and Ohlin see youth deviance as?
A reaction to inequalities within education.
A reaction to problems in achieving the values in mainstream culture.
A damaging aspect to society, as well as to youth themselves.
A positive aspect that is vital for society.
12. What are conflict subcultures?
Formed in unstable areas where people moving in an out is high.
Youth turn to violence and form gangs to defend their areas.
Formed in stable areas where people moving in an out is low.
Youth turn to violence and form gangs to defend their areas.
Formed in unstable areas where people moving in an out is high.
Youth turn to burglary and individually defend their areas.
Formed in stable areas where people moving in an out is low.
Youth accept new people into the area.
