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6. the inner circle of the circle model is

  • when English is the countries 1st language, such as UK and Canada
  • when English is extinct in the country
  • when English is the countries 2nd language, such as India and Sri Lanka
  • when English is only used for practical use, such as China and Japan

7. the expanding circle of the circle model is

  • when English is only used for practical use, such as China and Japan
  • when English is extinct in the country
  • when English is the countries 1st language, such as UK and Canada
  • when English is the countries 2nd language, such as India and Sri Lanka

8. A Lingua Franca is

  • a language that is dead
  • a language that speakers have in common where it is their second language
  • a language that speakers have in common where it is not their first language
  • a language that speakers do not have in common

9. Jennifer Jenkins 2006 theory is

  • Dispersal and Migration
  • English as a Lingua Franca
  • Random Fluctuation
  • Kim and Elder

10. Dispersal and Migration coins L2 to mean

  • the second most spoken language in the world
  • the second best language in the world
  • the second language a person acquires
  • the first language a person has

11. what is the dynamic model

  • varieties of English fit into different categories
  • the 5 stages of evolution of postcolonial varieties of English
  • errors occur in language and we tend to pass them on
  • The language that speakers have in common when not their first language

12. Dispersal and Migration coins EAL to mean

  • additional languages to English where English is not the 1st learnt language
  • English and Liberian
  • approved languages where English is not the 1st learnt language
  • atypical English usage

13. what is English as a Lingua France

  • when there are no learners of English
  • when many learners of English want and need to use English with people whose first language is English
  • when many learners of English do not want or need to use English with people whose first language is English
  • when many learners of English try to revive a dead language

14. foundation stage of the dynamic model is

  • Bilingual speakers forge a new variety as ties with country of origin weakens
  • After independence, a linguistic norm is codified
  • Internal social group identities gain importance and grow dialectal difference
  • English is brought to new territory, emerging bilingualism
  • Bilingualism spreads, led by the politically dominant country

15. the circle model does what?

  • shows the difficulties due to poor language skills
  • classifies the varieties of English across the globe into different circles
  • shows how errors occur in language and how we pass them onto others
  • shows the stages of evolution of postcolonial varieties of language

16. what disproves Karchu's model?

  • this theory does not exist and was made up
  • he has since revised the model. developed before the rise of the internet. does not address diversity of English in each circle
  • made many errors when creating the model he chose to not change so it fit his thesis
  • biased to his own beliefs, rather than taking account the level of English spoken in each country

17. the circle model consists of how many cirlces

  • 5
  • 3
  • 4
  • 2

18. what is the true stage order of the dynamic model?

  • differentiation, endonormative stabilization, nativisation, exonormative stabilization, foundation
  • nativisation, exonormative stabilization, foundation, endonormative stabilization, differentiation
  • foundation, exonormative stabilization, nativisation, endonormative stabilization, differentiation
  • foundation, endonormative stabilization, nativisation, exonormative stabilization, differentiation

19. exonormative stabilization of the dynamic model is

  • Bilingual speakers forge a new variety as ties with country of origin weakens
  • After independence, a linguistic norm is codified
  • Bilingualism spreads, led by the politically dominant country
  • English is brought to new territory, emerging bilingualism
  • Internal social group identities gain importance and grow dialectal difference

20. endonormative stabilisation of the dynamic model is

  • Internal social group identities gain importance and grow dialectal difference
  • English is brought to new territory, emerging bilingualism
  • Bilingualism spreads, led by the politically dominant country
  • After independence, a linguistic norm is codified
  • Bilingual speakers forge a new variety as ties with country of origin weakens