6. Confounds, experimenter expectancy effects & participant effects are all threats to:
Construct validity
External validity
Internal validity
Face validity
7. On Lizzie's scatterplot, the data points lie close to a straight line, which has a positive gradient. What type of correlation is this?
Positive
Negative
No correlation
Regressional
8. Sophie needs to choose a research design for her PhD study. She wants to establish a cause and effect of a phenomenon. What research design should she use?
Multivariate
Experimental
Descriptive
Correlational
9. Research designed to assess the association between variables not manipulated by the researcher is known as:
Correlational
Observational
Archival
Regressional
10. When measuring reliability, ______ looks at whether the measures are consistent, ______ looks at whether the observers are consistent.
inter-rater reliability, concurrent reliability
predictive reliability, inter-rater reliability
test-retest reliability, inter-rater reliability
test-retest reliability, predictive reliablity
11. Research studies designed to determine whether a relationship exists between variables is known as ________ research.
Correlational
Descriptive
Experimental
Introspective
12. Tim needs to choose a research design for his study. He wants to try to figure out/predict the relationship between two or more variables. What design should she go for?
Experimental
Correlational
Descriptive
Multivariate
13. Which of the following statements is incorrect:
The researcher has control over experimental procedures to avoid confounds
Participants are randomly assigned to different conditions
Participants are assigned to different conditions based on the experimenter's preference
Experiments are used to examine cause & effect relationships
14. Taka Masuda examined cultural differences in aesthetic preferences. What type of descriptive study design did he use?
Laboratory experiment
Surveys
Archival
Observational
15. Which of the following is a disadvantage of observational & archival studies?
All three
Some things are difficult to observe
Many archival materials won't contain necessary information
The accuracy of some archival materials may be dubious
16. Lizzie needs to choose a research design for her IP. She only wants to gather data to present a complete picture of a given subject. What design should she go for?
Multivariate
Correlational
Descriptive
Experimental
17. Research studies that do not test specific relationships between variables are called
Experimental research
Meta-analysis studies
Descriptive studies
Correlational studies
18. The three main categories of research are
Qualitative, descriptive, experimental
Operational, experimental, descriptive
Descriptive, correlational, experimental
Correlational, descriptive, experiential
19. A ____ correlation is a relationship where two events/variables that actually have no logical connection are inferred to be related due to an unseen third occurrence
Spurious
Positive
Concurrent
Negative
20. Levine and Norenzayan's (1999) Assessed pace of life in 31 countries Study is an example of what?
