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6. Which research method can identify cause-effect relationships?

  • Experiments
  • Sequential designs
  • Correlational studies
  • Longitudinal designs

7. What research method involves participants in a group being studied several times?

  • Experiments
  • Longitudinal studies
  • Cross-sectional designs
  • Case Studies

8. Sarah is a developmentalist looking at age related changes from the cognitive domain. Which of the following is she most likely to study?

  • Puberty
  • Individual differences in personality
  • Memory
  • Individual differences in sharing preferences

9. Which research method allows quick access to data about age differences?

  • Cross-sectional designs
  • Longitudinal studies
  • Experiments
  • Case studies

10. Which type of age related changes are universal?

  • Social clock changes
  • Normative history-graded changes
  • Normative age-graded changes
  • Nonnormative changes

11. What is the name of the philosopher who is associated with the term "blank slate"?

  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau
  • Augustine
  • John Locke
  • Lev Vygotsky

12. Gesell's findings formed the basis for many ____ used today to determine a child's developmental rate.

  • Knox Cube Imitation Tests
  • Intelligence Scale Tests
  • Norm-Referenced Tests
  • Situational Judgement Tests

13. What is the name of the philosopher who is associated with the original sin?

  • Lev Vygotsky
  • Augustine
  • Jean-Jacques Rousseau
  • John Locke

14. What did the researcher Charles Darwin do?

  • Kept baby biographies
  • Developed a comprehensive theory of lifespan human development
  • Conducted the first scientific study of children
  • Established norms for physical maturation

15. G. Stanley Hall thought that developmentalists should identify norms. What are they?

  • A set of standardised tests to compare child scores with others their age
  • Average measurement of positive change in response to environmental demands
  • Average ages at which developmental milestones are reached
  • The gradual unfolding of a genetically programmed sequential pattern of change

16. What is the range in which a correlation can occur?

  • -1.00 to + 1.00
  • - 1.5 to + 1.5
  • - 0.5 to + 0.5
  • - 0.25 to + 0.25

17. What is an example of a nonnormative age related change?

  • A child who grew up when Boris Johnson was Prime Minister
  • An adult who grew up when the Queen turned 50
  • Genetic influences
  • An infant crawling

18. Which type of age related changes are affected by historical forces?

  • Nonnormative changes
  • Normative history-graded changes
  • Normative age-graded changes
  • Social clock changes

19. What is an example of a normative age-graded change?

  • Genetic influences
  • An infant crawling
  • An adult who grew up during the Great Depression
  • A score on a personality test

20. What did the researcher Arnold Gesell do?

  • Established norms for physical maturation
  • Kept baby biographies
  • Conducted the first scientific study of children
  • Developed a comprehensive theory of lifespan human development