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6. Which research method can identify cause-effect relationships?
- Experiments
- Sequential designs
- Correlational studies
- Longitudinal designs
7. What research method involves participants in a group being studied several times?
- Experiments
- Longitudinal studies
- Cross-sectional designs
- Case Studies
8. Sarah is a developmentalist looking at age related changes from the cognitive domain. Which of the following is she most likely to study?
- Puberty
- Individual differences in personality
- Memory
- Individual differences in sharing preferences
9. Which research method allows quick access to data about age differences?
- Cross-sectional designs
- Longitudinal studies
- Experiments
- Case studies
10. Which type of age related changes are universal?
- Social clock changes
- Normative history-graded changes
- Normative age-graded changes
- Nonnormative changes
11. What is the name of the philosopher who is associated with the term "blank slate"?
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- Augustine
- John Locke
- Lev Vygotsky
12. Gesell's findings formed the basis for many ____ used today to determine a child's developmental rate.
- Knox Cube Imitation Tests
- Intelligence Scale Tests
- Norm-Referenced Tests
- Situational Judgement Tests
13. What is the name of the philosopher who is associated with the original sin?
- Lev Vygotsky
- Augustine
- Jean-Jacques Rousseau
- John Locke
14. What did the researcher Charles Darwin do?
- Kept baby biographies
- Developed a comprehensive theory of lifespan human development
- Conducted the first scientific study of children
- Established norms for physical maturation
15. G. Stanley Hall thought that developmentalists should identify norms. What are they?
- A set of standardised tests to compare child scores with others their age
- Average measurement of positive change in response to environmental demands
- Average ages at which developmental milestones are reached
- The gradual unfolding of a genetically programmed sequential pattern of change
16. What is the range in which a correlation can occur?
- -1.00 to + 1.00
- - 1.5 to + 1.5
- - 0.5 to + 0.5
- - 0.25 to + 0.25
17. What is an example of a nonnormative age related change?
- A child who grew up when Boris Johnson was Prime Minister
- An adult who grew up when the Queen turned 50
- Genetic influences
- An infant crawling
18. Which type of age related changes are affected by historical forces?
- Nonnormative changes
- Normative history-graded changes
- Normative age-graded changes
- Social clock changes
19. What is an example of a normative age-graded change?
- Genetic influences
- An infant crawling
- An adult who grew up during the Great Depression
- A score on a personality test
20. What did the researcher Arnold Gesell do?
- Established norms for physical maturation
- Kept baby biographies
- Conducted the first scientific study of children
- Developed a comprehensive theory of lifespan human development