6. Who introduced the concept of tabula rasa (the belief that the mind is a 'blank slate' at birth)?
Jean Piaget
Sigmund Freud
John Locke
Jean-Jacques Rousseau
7. According to Ecological Systems Theory, what is the term micro-system used for?
Immediate environment
Connections
Indirect environment
Social & cultural values
8. Erikson developed his eight stages of psychosocial development based on modifications from which theory?
Freud’s Psychosexual Theory
Vygotsky's Sociocultural Theory
Bandura's Social Learning Theory
Piaget's Cognitive Development Theory
9. In Piaget's cognitive approach, which stage is categorised by the development of logical thought?
Pre-operational
Formal operational
Concrete operational
Sensorimotor
10. In the Medieval times, how were children viewed?
As born pure but corrupted by civilisation
As "mini adults"
As "blank slates"
As fans of imaginative literature and the fine arts
11. Which theory focuses on the developmental impact of relationships between the individual & the environment?
Ecological Systems Theory
Psychosexual Theory
Social Learning Theory
Sociocultural Theory
12. The ____ is the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can do with appropriate help
Zone of Proximal Development
Zone of Attribution
More Knowledgeable Other
Theory of Scaffolding
13. Children in the preoperational stage have difficulty taking the perspective of another person. This is known as:
Reversibility
Metacognition
Ego-centrism
Constructivism
14. The ability to think abstractly and systematically solve problems emerges during the:
Formal operational stage
Concrete operational stage
Sensorimotor stage
Preoperational stage
15. What is the first stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
Trust vs Mistrust
Autonomy vs Shame/doubt
Initiative vs Guilt
Intimacy vs Isolation
16. Bea is able to recognize that her dog is a Labrador, that a Labrador is a dog, and that a dog is an animal. According to Piaget, what is this development called?
Object permanence
Conservation
Reversibility
Egocentrism
17. According to Erikson, which stage are people in early adulthood (20s-40s) concerned with?
Integrity vs Despair
Intimacy vs Isolation
Initiative vs Guilt
Identity vs Role confusion
18. Microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem & macrosystem are all components of what theory?
Ecological Systems Theory
Psychosocial Theory
Social Learning Theory
Socio-Cultural Theory
19. According to Piaget, children are ______ in constructing their understanding of the world.
Bystanders
Active
Neutral
Passive
20. In Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, from what age does the Initiative vs Guilt stage occur?
