6. Which of the following is an experimental procedure used to study how attention affects the processing of competing stimuli?
Dichotic Listening
Sensory Stimulation
Early Selection
Filtering
7. ______ suggest that all stimuli are initially encoded & perceptually analysed.
Late Selection Models
Late Attenuation Models
Early Selection Models
Early Attenuation Models
8. When a person is "shadowing" a message, what are they doing?
Thinking about something closely related to the message
Saying the message out loud
Ignoring it whilst paying attention to another message
Silently following it mentally
9. The ability to pay attention to, or carry out, two or more different tasks simultaneously is known as
Divergent tasking
Selective attention
Divided attention
Dual attention
10. Lizzie is writing a shopping list whilst Donald is watching TV. An ice cream advert comes on. Lizzie isn’t paying attention but "suddenly" remembers that she needs to get some. Lizzie’s behaviour is best predicted by which model of attention?
Spotlight
Early Selection
Late Selection
Object based
11. According to Broadbent's Filter Theory, the focus of attention is determined by three components. Which of the following is NOT one of them?
A detection device
Long term memory store
A channel of limited capacity
A selective filter
12. In support of late selection models, MacKay showed that the presentation of a biasing word on the unattended ear influenced participants' processing of ____ when they were ____ of that word.
Ambiguous sentences; unaware
Letter pairs; unaware
Ambiguous sentences; unaware
Letter pairs; aware
13. What is the cocktail party effect?
The equal division of attention between competing messages
The inability to pay attention to one message in the presence of competing messages
The ability to pay attention to one message & ignore others, yet hear distinctive features of the unattended messages
The diminished awareness of information in a crowd
14. Treisman suggested that while Broadbent's basic approach was correct, it failed to account for?
The fact that people can only understand words with a low threshold
The fact that people can still process the meaning of attended messages
The fact that people can only understand words with a high threshold
The fact that people can be distracted by the level of alertness of some items
15. Donald has no idea what he just read in Lizzie’s text because he was thinking about how hungry he was & the millionaires shortbread waiting for him at home. This is a real-world example of
Inattentional blindness
The Cocktail Party Phenomenon
Late Selection Model of Attention
Early Selection Model of Attention
16. According to Treisman's "attenuation model," which of the following words would you expect to have the HIGHEST threshold for most people?
Their own name
Orangutan
Fire
Their spouse's first name
17. The Stroop effect demonstrates:
The ease of performing a low-load task
How automatic processing can interfere with intended processing
A failure of divided attention
Support for object-based attention
18. Galotti (2014) stated there were three purposes of attention. Which of the following was not one of them?
Helps us to recognise & interpret sensory stimuli
Helps us to control & plan future actions
Helps to monitor our interactions with the environment
It links our past (memories) & our present (sensations) to give us a sense of continuity of experience
19. Broadbent's Filter Model is classed as an Early Selection Model. Why is this?
Only a select set of environmental information enters the system
The filtering step occurs before the meaning of the incoming information is analysed.
The filtering step occurs before the information enters the sensory store.
Incoming information is selected by the detector
20. With the Stroop effect, you would expect to find longest response times when:
