The earth's outer layer, relatively thin and rocky
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Mantle
Has the properties of a solid but can flow very slowly
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Outer core
Made from liquid nickel and iron
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Inner core
Made from solid nickel and iron
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Tectonic plates- oceanic
Relatively thin (about 6-10km) and contain heavy/dense rocks such as basalt
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Tectonic plates- continental
Considerably thicker, (35-40km) but contain lighter rocks such as granite
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Name all of the tectonic plates
Eurasian, North American, Caribbean, Juan de Fuca, Cocos, Scotla, South American, Pacific, African, Arabian, Antarctican, Philippine, Nazca, Indian, Indo-Austrailian.
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Convection currents help move the crust, how?
The source of heat is radioactive decay which happens deep in the earth. Hot rock rises and the cooler rock sinks due to gravity, this pushes two plates away from each other
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What happens at constructive plate boundaries?
Two plates move away from each other creating a gap between them, magma then rises and fills the gap forming a mid ocean ridge.
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What happens at a destructive plate margn?
When 2 plates meet, the denser one dives under the lighter one creating a deep ocean trench, as the plate goes deeper into the mantle increased temperature causes it to melt creating a subduction zone. New molten rises creating fault lines or volcano
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Name some constructive margin landforms
Volcanic islands, shield volcanoes, rift valleys, submerged volcanoes, oceanic ridges, fault lines and hot springs
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Name some destructive margin landforms
Chain of volcanic islands-island arc, strato volcanoes, oceanic trench, fold mountains and deep and shallow focus earthquakes.
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Primary volcanic hazards?
Lava flows, pyroclastic flows, ash and tephra fall, volcanic gasses
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