ussr ; control of the ppl ; secret police ; andy + suppression of the dissidents

?
in which years was andropov head of the kgb?
'67 - '82
1 of 116
WHO WERE THE DISSIDENTS?
FDGDFG
2 of 116
how many general categories of dissidents were there?
4
3 of 116
which were?
intellectuals / political / nationalists / religious
4 of 116
one of the most important changes was what about motive for arrest?
people were no longer arrested for nothing
5 of 116
what was the definition of dissidents?
those who criticised the soviet state or system
6 of 116
- intellectuals
fggf
7 of 116
what status did they have in society?
high
8 of 116
which encouraged them to develop what?
independent ways of thinking
9 of 116
and constantly came up against restrictions usually of what nature?
political (shocking, right)
10 of 116
expected to do what if they wanted promotion?
participate in politics
11 of 116
one of most famous examples was anderi sakharov whose job was?
nuclear scientist
12 of 116
sience was field where what was important for development?
interaction with foreign colleagues / reading foreign news / using foreign equipment
13 of 116
what happened to all these activities under ussr?
restricted
14 of 116
in frustration what did sakharov and other leading scientists do?
send letter to brezhnev detaiing their irritations
15 of 116
what did the authorities then do to him?
ban him from further military rsrch
16 of 116
what did writers such as medvedev complain about?
restrictions on professional freedom
17 of 116
also found ability to do which two things restricted by gov?
work / travel
18 of 116
- political dissidents
dfgd
19 of 116
who were political dissidents?
those who tried hold government to account of own laws
20 of 116
groups usually concerned with abuses of what?
human rights
21 of 116
that broke which two things?
soviet laws and international agreements
22 of 116
groups established to monitor ussr application of which two things they signed?
un declaration on human rights / helsinki accords
23 of 116
when was un declaration on human rights?
'48
24 of 116
and the helsinki accords?
'75
25 of 116
- nationalists
dggdf
26 of 116
what type of dissidents were these typically?
vocal
27 of 116
groups from which four places?
ukraine / latvia / lithuania / georgia
28 of 116
that called for greater status for what?
own national languages and cultures
29 of 116
growing awareness by ukranians for what caused alarm to authorities
their own culture
30 of 116
and authorities tried to ban what in '64?
150th anniversary of a ukranian poet shevchenko
31 of 116
@ same time a mysterious fire destroyed what?
ukranian archive at academy of sciences in kiev
32 of 116
police arrested how many leading nationalists?
20
33 of 116
alarm caused when four lithuanian groups joined together to form what?
national popular front
34 of 116
in what year?
'74
35 of 116
calling for waht about language and end to what?
lithuanian to be national language and end ussr colonisation
36 of 116
who idd these nationalist groups often recieve encouragement from?
compatriots abroad
37 of 116
- religious dissidents
dfgdg
38 of 116
those that faced restrictions on what?
worship and practicses
39 of 116
catholic dissidents often prominent where?
baltic republic
40 of 116
one of most prominent was group of soviet jews named?
refuseniks
41 of 116
who were denied wish to do what?
emigrate to israel
42 of 116
where did this group have strong support?
us congress
43 of 116
and remained difficult issue at what?
international summits between us and ussr
44 of 116
despite different strands of dissidents all shared concern with which two things?
human rights and freedom of expression
45 of 116
many dissidents were themselves communists who wanted what?
system to work better for them
46 of 116
action often limited to doing what?
producting material that shared concerns and criticism of soviet system
47 of 116
these were illegal, self-published and little more than what?
handwritten notes
48 of 116
they became known as what?
samizdat
49 of 116
what things could they contain as they became a popular hobby in the late '60s?
poems / newsletters / transcripts of voice of america
50 of 116
what was the name of the most well-known samizdat materials?
'chronicle of current events'
51 of 116
underground newsletter that highlighted what?
human rights abuses and treatment of dissidents
52 of 116
by '70s dissidents becoming more bold such as making use of what to advance cause?
foreign press
53 of 116
ACTIONS AGAINST DISSIDENTS
DFGD
54 of 116
secret police would do what to suspected dissidents?
surveillance and harrassment
55 of 116
how were intellectuals often threatened?
expulsion from professional org / denied publish / dismissed
56 of 116
houses were searched for what?
any material / apparatus that could be used to produce / spread material
57 of 116
and what happened if found?
confiscated
58 of 116
what might follow?
arrests
59 of 116
what status did intellectuals claim when arrasted?
political prisoners of conscience
60 of 116
and thereofer what happened?
separated from criminal prisoners
61 of 116
label of dissent would also mark them out wher?
real life
62 of 116
with discrimination where?
work
63 of 116
failure to gain place where?
uni
64 of 116
and continued what?
surveillance / harrasment
65 of 116
by mid '70s amnest international est there were @ most how many political prisoners?
10,000
66 of 116
when was a new criminal code made?
'60
67 of 116
which abolished what?
night-time interrogations
68 of 116
what article provided the authorities with a useful catch?
article 70
69 of 116
givign them powers of dealing with anything considered what?
'anti-soviet agitation and propaganda'
70 of 116
in what year was the trial of yuli daniel and andrei sinyavski?
'66
71 of 116
who were they?
two dissident writers
72 of 116
why did this reveal difficult of applying this new code?
bc necessity of proving intenti
73 of 116
as result new articles added to criminal code in which year?
'66
74 of 116
that dropped what?
this requirement
75 of 116
nonetheless those now arrested had to deal with what?
court of justice
76 of 116
court records were kept which allowed dissident groups to do what?
publicise cases
77 of 116
one important developmen in treatment was use of what institution?
psychiatric hospitals
78 of 116
in what year did politburo decide leading dissident should be plced in 'special mental hospital,?
'67
79 of 116
ho was he?
bukovsky
80 of 116
what advantage did this quickly common method of dealing have?
discredited them in eyes of public
81 of 116
who ran these 'hospitals'?
nkvd
82 of 116
and 'patients' held until?
'cured'
83 of 116
hich ususally meant what?
agreed to change views and opinions of soviet state
84 of 116
what happened to those who refused to be 'treated'?
electric shocks and drugs
85 of 116
what was medvedev the writer and scientist diagnosed with?
'sluggish schizophrenia's
86 of 116
as was one of the editors of which samizdat?
'chronicle of current events'
87 of 116
what were conditions in these 'hospitals' like?
overcrowded and unhygenic
88 of 116
and did ltittle to improve what for ussr?
international reputation
89 of 116
another method to limit impact was to send theminto what?
internal exile
90 of 116
troublesome academics sent to far out places which accounted for excellent academic work where?
siberia division of the academy of sciences
91 of 116
where was sakharov sent in '80?
gorky
92 of 116
which was a city closed to?
foreigners
93 of 116
this severely restricted his communication with?
supporters
94 of 116
for those who continued to write critical works what was an option for governemnt?
expulsion from ussr
95 of 116
IMPACT OF DISSIDENTS
DFGD
96 of 116
where were records of court cases smuggled?
out of ussr
97 of 116
and used by who?
western human rights groups
98 of 116
what about this was constant source of irritation for ussr?
bad publicity
99 of 116
soviet leadership had become increasibgly concrened with international rep esp in light of what that they igned?
helsinki accords
100 of 116
in whichyear?
'75
101 of 116
countries that signed agreed to respect what?
'freedom of thought / conscience / belief'
102 of 116
what was highlighted as violation of this?
treatment of dissidents
103 of 116
in age of growing worldwide mass communication what could news of prominent dissident arrest do?
damage soviet diplomacy
104 of 116
international condemnation sometimes led to what?
dissident release
105 of 116
within ussr what was general public dissident spport like?
weak af
106 of 116
disisdents were collection of indivuduals rather than what?
collective group
107 of 116
what did they struggle to organise?
public demonstration
108 of 116
and when they did what did it reveal?
limited support
109 of 116
in what year did dissidents organise a protest in red square?
'68
110 of 116
over what?
soviet invasionof czechozlovakia
111 of 116
how many ppl turned up?
7
112 of 116
fear of what played a part in lack of ppl?
secret police
113 of 116
by end '70s andropov proved successful in doing what to dissidents?
keeping in state of small divided mutual distrust
114 of 116
why were andropov's methods of dealing with dissidents becoming more sophisticated?
new bugging and surveillance tech
115 of 116
what about the kgb grew considerably under andropov's leadership?
professionalism / rep / status
116 of 116

Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

WHO WERE THE DISSIDENTS?

Back

FDGDFG

Card 3

Front

how many general categories of dissidents were there?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

which were?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

one of the most important changes was what about motive for arrest?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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