Katherine Mullin 'The city is a key motif in modernist literature. Numerous novels and poems reflect the ways in which cities generate states of shock, exhilaration, alienation, anonymity, confusion or thrill. “
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Card 7
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The deployment of ironic and ambiguous juxtapositions to call into question the moral and philosophical meaning of literary action - Barth
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Subjective distortion to point up the evanescence of the social world of the nineteenth-century bourgeoisie - Barth
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The optimism of the nineteenth century could not compete with the "immense panorama of futility and anarchy which is contemporary history" -TS Elliot
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Stream of consciousness
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Interior monologue "the grammatical subject of the discourse is an "I" and we, as it were, overhear the character verbalising his or her thoughts as they occur"
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Free indirect style was "imployed with ever growing scope and virtuosity by modernist novelists like Woolf"