Carbohydrates

?
Monomer
Single Basic Unit e.g. Amino acid
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Polymer
A chain of Monomers e.g. A protein
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Condensation Reaction
A reaction where 2 molecules join and produce a by product of Water
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Carbohdrates
Sugar based polymers
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Carbohydrates Contain
Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen
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Single Sugar Unit
Monosaccharide
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Chemical Formula for Glucose
C6H12O6
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Isomer
Molecules with the same chemical formula e.g. Glucose, fructose, galactose
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Hexose Sugar
Has 6 carbon atoms e.g. glucose
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Two sugars joined together
Disaccharide
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Monosaccharides joined by ....
Condensation Reaction
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Bond between monosaccharides
1,4. Glycosidic Bond
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Solution used to test for sugar
Benedicts Solution
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Reducing sugar is ...
Reluctant to give away electons
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Colour of solution if a large amount of sugar is present ...
Red
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All monosaccharides are ...
Reducing sugars
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Test for reducing sugar ...
1. add benedict's solution 2. heat it
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Test for non reducing sugar ....
1. Add acid + heat 2. Add alkali 3. Add benedict's solution + heat
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Many sugar units =
Polysaccharide
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2 forms of starch are ...
Amylose, Amylopectin
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Starch is ....
A storage molecule found in plants
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Structure of Amylose =
Coiled chains of alpha-glucose with 1.4. glycosidic bonds
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Structure of Amylopectin =
Branched chains of alpha-glucose with 1.6. glycosidic bonds
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Test for starch =
Add iodine solution
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Structure of starch
Large polymer so it is insoluble, Coiled amylose is compact so lots of sugar is stored in a small space, branched amylopectin has more ends for amylase so faster to hydrolyse
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Glycogen
Used by animals for energy
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Glycogen structure
Branched chains of alpha-glucose
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Cellulose
Found in Plant cell walls
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Cellulose structure
straight chains of beta-glucose with 1.4. glycosidic bonds
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Cellulose used for ...
Structural strength
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Every alternate beta-glucose in cellulose does what?
Inverts
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Cellulose increases strength by....
Having many hydrogen bonds linking the molecules together and forming a crosshatched arrangement in the cell wall
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Type of strength cellulose helps create?
Tensile strength
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

A chain of Monomers e.g. A protein

Back

Polymer

Card 3

Front

A reaction where 2 molecules join and produce a by product of Water

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Sugar based polymers

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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