Transporting Materials

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What does the circulatory system do?
It transports substances around the body.
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What is a heart? What does it do? What is it made from?
The heart is an organ. It pumps blood around the body. Much of the wall of the heart is made from muscle tissue.
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What are the four main parts of the heart called?
The left atria, right atria, left ventricle and right ventricle.
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Where part oof the heart does blood enter?
The atria of the heart.
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What do the atria do?
They contract and force blood into the ventricles.
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What do the ventricles do?
They contract and force blood out of the heart.
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What are valves for?
To ensure the blood flows in the right direction.
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Oxygenated blood is carried along the...
Arteries
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De-oxygenated blood is carried along the...
Veins
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What characteristics do arteries have?
Thick walls containing muscle and elastic fibres.
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What characteristics do veins have?
Thinner walls than arteries and often have valves to prevent back-flow of blood.
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What do stents do?
If arteries begin to narrow and restrict blood flow, they are used to keep them open.
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What are capillaries?
Very thin-walled blood vessels, for diffusion of substances into and out of it.
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What are the 4 main blood vessels associated with the heart?
Aorta, vena cava, pulmonary artery and pulmonary vein.
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What is blood a type of and what does it consist of?
A type of tissue. It contains a fluid called plasma in which red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets are suspended.
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What does blood plasma transport?
Carbon dioxide from the organs to the lungs, soluble products of digestion from the small intestine to other organs and urea from the liver to the kidneys.
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What do red blood cells not have, that most other cells do have? And why do they have this adaptation?
No nucleus. This enables them to be packed with more haemoglobin.
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What happens to haemoglobin in the lungs?
It combines with oxygen to form oxyhaemoglobin.
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What is the benefit of oxyhaemoglobin?
It can be transported around the body and when the oxygen is needed buy the muscles it breaks away from the oxyhaemoglobin.
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What are white blood cells for?
They form part of the body's defence system against microorganisms.
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What are platelets and what do they do?
They are small fragments of cells, with no nucleus. They help to clot the blood at the sight of a wound (so you don't bleed to death from a little cut).
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What is the function of xylem tissue?
to transport water and mineral ions from the roots of the stem and leaves.
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What is the transpiration stream?
The movement of water from the roots through the xylem and out of the leaves.
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What is the function of the phloem tissue?
To carry dissolved sugars from the leaves to the rest of the plant (including the growing regions and storage organs).
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What levels in the body must be kept within a very narrown range?
Water, ion content, body temperature and blood glucose levels.
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What 2 waste products have to be removed from the body? explain how.
Carbon Dioxide - produced by respiration and removed via the lungs when we breathe out. Urea - produced in the liver by the breakdown of amino acids and removed by the kidneys in the urine, which is temporarily stored in the bladder.
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What happens if the water or ion content of the body is wrong?
Too much water may move into and out of the cells and damage them.
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A healthy kidney produces urine by:
First filtering the blood, reabsorbing all the sugar, reabsorbing the dissolved ions needed by the body, reabsorbing as much water as the body needs and releasing ure, excess ions and water as urine.
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How are people with kidney failure treated?
Either with dialysis or a kidney transplant.
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What does dialysis do?
It restores the concentrations of dissolved substances in the blood to normal levels and has to be carried out at regular intervals.
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What part of the brain controls and monitores the temperature of the body?
the thermoregulatory centre
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What is vaso dilation?
When the body is too hot, blood vessels supplying the blood capilaries dilate so that more blood flows through the capillaries and more heat is lost.
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What is vaso contraction?
When the body is too cold, blood vessels supplying the blood capilaries contract so that less blood flows through the capillaries and less heat is lost.
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What is the hormone produced by the pancreas (other than glucose) and what is it's function?
Glucagon. It is produced when glucose levels fall, this causes glycogen to be converted into glucose to be released into the blood.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is a heart? What does it do? What is it made from?

Back

The heart is an organ. It pumps blood around the body. Much of the wall of the heart is made from muscle tissue.

Card 3

Front

What are the four main parts of the heart called?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Where part oof the heart does blood enter?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What do the atria do?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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