A microscopic membrane of lipids and proteins that forms the external boundary of the cytoplasm of a cell or encloses a vacuole, and that regulates the passage of molecules in and out of the cytoplasm.
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Carrier protein
A protein on surface of a cell that helps to transport molecules and ions across plasma membranes
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Facilitated diffusion
Diffusion involving the presence of protein carrier molecules to allow the passive movement of substances across a membrane
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Diffusion
The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
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Osmosis
The passage of water from a region where it has a higher water potential to a region where it has a lower water potential through a partially permeable membrane
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Hypotonic
Having a lower osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid
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Isotonic
Having an equal osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid
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Hypertonic
Having a higher osmotic pressure than a particular fluid, typically a body fluid or intracellular fluid
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Phospholipid
A lipid in which one of the fatty acid molecules is replaced with a phosphate group
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Water potential
The pressure created by water molecules. It measures the extent to which a solution gives out water. The greater the number of water molecules present, the higher (less negative) the water potential is. Pure water has a water potential of zero.
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Solutes
A substance that has been dissolved in a liquid
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Solvents
The liquid that a substance is dissolved in
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Hydrophobic
Mixes readily with fat but not water
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Hydrophilic
Attracted to water
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Polar
Molecules that have one hydrophobic and one hydrophilic region
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Extrinsic proteins
Proteins that occur on the surface of the plasma membrane or embed in it but that never completely span the phospholipid bilayer
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Intrinsic proteins
Proteins that completely span the plasma membrane
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Proteins that completely span the plasma membrane
When the number of particles of a solute on either side of a partially permeable membrane are the equal but individual particles are constantly crossing the membrane
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Concentration gradient
The gradual difference in concentration of a dissolved substance in a solution between a region of high concentration and one of lower concentration
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Partially-permeable membrane
A membrane that is permeable to the small molecules of water and certain solutes but does not allow the passage of large molecules
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Kinetic energy
The energy possessed by a body because of its motion
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Solution
A solvent with solute dissolved in it
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Dehydration
The loss of water and salts that are essential for normal body function
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Turgid
The protoplast of a plant cell is kept pushed against the cell wall
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Ion channels
A protein that acts as a pore in a cell membrane and permits the selective passage of ions
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Incipient plasmolysis
The protoplast of a plant no longer presses against the cell wall
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Active transport
The movement of molecules or ions into or out of a cell from a region of lower concentration to a region of higher concentration using energy and carrier molecules
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Cotransport
The simultaneous transport of two substrates across a cell membrane by one carrier protein
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Plasmolysed
The contents of a plant cell have shrunk and the protoplast pulls away from the cell wall
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Protoplast
The outer cell surface membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm and inner vacuole membrane of a plant cell
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Endocytosis
The process of cellular ingestion by which the plasma membrane folds inward to bring substances into the cell
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Exocytosis
The process by which the contents of a cell vacuole are released to the exterior through fusion of the vacuole membrane with the cell membrane
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
A protein on surface of a cell that helps to transport molecules and ions across plasma membranes
Back
Carrier protein
Card 3
Front
Diffusion involving the presence of protein carrier molecules to allow the passive movement of substances across a membrane
Back
Card 4
Front
The movement of particles from a high concentration to a low concentration
Back
Card 5
Front
The passage of water from a region where it has a higher water potential to a region where it has a lower water potential through a partially permeable membrane
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