6. EDTA4+ is a hexadentate ligand, it has six lone pairs of electrons each
Forms a coordiate bond with a metal ion in a complex, it is known as a chelating agent which means it decreases the concentration of metal ions in solution by binding to them
The total number of coordinate bonds formed between a central metal ion and its ligands
7. The transition elements from titanium to copper all form ions with two or more
Oxidation states, all forming compounds with ions in the 2+ oxidation state (this is usually the result of losing two electrons from 4s orbital, which are lost first as when full 4s is in a higher energy level that 3d)
The 4s orbital fills before the orbitals in the 3d sub shell. The d block metals will have filled there 4s orbital before electrons are added to the 3d sub shell
8. In the reaction of cobalt(II) ions and concentrated hydrocholoric acid the six water molecules are replaced by
Four chloride molecules
6 chloride molecules
9. Cu2+ ions are blue in solution and when reacted with NaOH it forms
Blue precipitates, turning beige in the presence of air
A pale blue precipitate (copper(II)hydroxide)
Rusty brown precipitate (iron(III)hydroxide)
10. The 4s sub shell has a lower energy than the 3d sub shell this means that
The 4s orbital fills before the orbitals in the 3d sub shell. The d block metals will have filled there 4s orbital before electrons are added to the 3d sub shell
A d-block element that forms an ion with an incomplete d sub shell
11. The reaction of cobalt(II) ions and concentrated hydrocholoric acid is
12. An aqueous solution of copper(II) ions contains [Cu(H2O)6]2+ complex ions, which have the pale blue colour when ammonia is added the colour changes is
A reaction in which one ligand in a complex ion is replaced by another ligand
From pale blue to dark blue, in the reaction four of the water ligands are replaced by four ammonia ligands [Cu(NH3)4(H2O)2]2+
Can form cis/trans
13. EDTA is used in detergents to reduce hardness of water, in food to act as a stabiliser stopping the oxidation of the product and in
Forms a coordiate bond with a metal ion in a complex, it is known as a chelating agent which means it decreases the concentration of metal ions in solution by binding to them
Medical applications, added to blood to prevent clotting and to treat patiens suffering from lead and mercury posioning
The total number of coordinate bonds formed between a central metal ion and its ligands
14. It is believed that cis platin acts by binding to the DNA of fast growing cancer cells, altering their DNA and it is generally believed that this
Prevents the cells from reproducing by these changes to the DNA structure, eventually this leads to activation of the cells own repair mechanisms and death of the cancer cells
Speeds up cell reproduction until they explode by apoptosis
15. 6 coordinate bonds means an _______ shape
Octahedral
Tetrahedral
16. Fe2+ ions are pale green in solution, and when they react with NaOH they form
Blue precipitates, turning beige in the presence of air
Green precipitate (iron(II)hydroxide), turning rusty brown at surface in presence of air
Pale yellow turning rusty brown
17. Water and ammonia can act as ligands, their charge is
Neutral
-1
+1
18. Thiocyanate SCN-, cyanide CN-, chloride Cl- and hydroxide OH- all have a charge of
-1
+1
Neutral
19. Transition elements show all the normal metallic properties such as
Shiny, high density, high melting and boiling points, existing in giant metallic lattices, delocalised electrons
Oxidation states, all forming compounds with ions in the 2+ oxidation state (this is usually the result of losing two electrons from 4s orbital, which are lost first as when full 4s is in a higher energy level that 3d)
20. In the reaction of cobalt(II) ions and concentrated hydrocholoric acid the colour change is
