Tourism

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What environments attract tourists?
Animals, extreme climates, cities, coasts, deserts, mountains, historical places, rainforests, islands, geological, tundra, snowy, less developed areas, events
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Top 10 most visited countries in 2010
France, United States, China, Spain, Italy, United Kingdom, Turkey, Germany, Malaysia
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Honeypot
A place of attractive scenery or historic interest that attracts a large number of visitors
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Specialist Holidays
Holidays based on a particular area, interest or activity
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Tourism
The short term movement of people to places away from where they live and work, normally for pleasure but also for business
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Long Haul
A flight over a long distance usually taking more than 3 hours
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National Park
Areas of outstanding natural beauty that are protected so that visitors can enjoy the landscape now and in the future
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Package Holiday
A tour where transport and accommodation are included all in one price (and sometimes food if in hotels)
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Fair-trade Tourism/Community Tourism
This makes sure that the benefits go directly to those whose land, natural resources, work, knowledge and culture are being used
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Short Haul
A flight over a short distance, usually taking less than 3 hours
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Wilderness Tourism
Tourism in areas that are undeveloped and isolated
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Infrastructure
Basic networks such as transport, power supplies, water and telecommunications - usually the government is responsible
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Sustainable
Meeting the needs of the present population without damaging the environment and local community for future generations
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Mass Tourism
Large numbers of tourists visiting the same area
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European city of Culture
A city designated by the European Union for one year to promote the city to new audiences
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Corporate responsibility
How a company manages its impact on the environment and local communities
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Eco-Tourism
Tourism that does little or no damage to the natural environment - people often go to learn about the environment
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Event Tourism
Tourism that is based on specific events whether sporting, cultural or historical
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Why has tourism increased?
Increased: infrastructure, size of industry, use of internet sites for booking, disposable income, leave from work, cultural interest
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CASE STUDY: Specialist Tourism, Antarctica
Antarctic treaty regulate all the activities that take place; they promote safe, environmentally friendly activities. Tourists in 1992: 6,700, in 2007: 29,600
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CASE STUDY: Mass Tourism, Spain - Attractions
Cabera Archiperago, National Park; Ordesa Valley, ecological value; climate, mild winter, hot summers; La Sagrada Familia, Barcelona; Camp Nou, Barcelona; Museum of Cadiz, Cadiz
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CASE STUDY: Mass Tourism, Spain - Impacts
Advantages: £61.2bn spent by tourists, Majorca - 80% comes from tourism - 50% of jobs in tourism, multicultural. Disadvantages: Increases house and amenities prices, air pollution from travel, noise and light pollution from bar, seasonal work
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Gross Domestic Product (GDP)
The value of the goods and services a country provides. High in an MEDC and low in an LEDC
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Gross National Income
The income generated from the economic activity in a country is added together and divided by the total number of people in a country. High in an MEDC and low in an LEDC
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Birth/death rate
The number of people born/die per year per 1000 of the population. Low in an MEDC and high in an LEDC
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Infant Mortality Rate
The number of babies who die before they reach the age of 1, per 1000 of the population. Low in an MEDC and high in an LEDC
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Life expectancy
How long a person is expected to live. High in an MEDC and low in an LEDC
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Literacy rate
Percentage of people who can read and write. High in an MEDC and low in an LEDC
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Food consumption
Average daily calories consumed. High in an MEDC and low in an LEDC
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Health care
Number of doctors per 100,000 of the population. High in an MEDC and low in an LEDC
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Safe water
Number of people who have access to safe, clean water. High in an MEDC and low in an LEDC
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Air pollution
Amount of pollutants in the atmosphere. High in an MEDC and low in an LEDC
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Access to technology
Number of mobile phones/internet users per 1000 of the population. High in an MEDC and low in an LEDC
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Human Development Index (HDI)
Combines social and economic factors. Each variable is ranked from 0-1, with 1 being the best and the HDI is he average of the 3 scores
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Tourism and development
Tourism can help improve the levels of development in a country by bringing money and generating jobs e.g. in hotels and shops. This is taxed and reinvested into health, education and life expectancy.
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CASE STUDY: Lake District
In Cumbria, north-west England. Accessible from M6 and A66. Bowness is a tourist honeypot because of its scenery with the lake. Largest national park in the UK, 880 sq miles. Hill walking, mountain and rock climbing are available.
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CASE STUDY: Lake District - Benefits - Social and Cultural
Supports local services such as bus, rail and recreation. Creates sense of community. Keeps theatres running and holds festivals. Money from visitors allows historical sites to be restored and maintained. Demand for local crafts and foods.
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CASE STUDY: Lake District - Benefits - Environmental and Economic
Locals educated about sustainable tourism. Awarded "First Green Globe" destination. In 2009, visitors spent £925.7m and provided 11,575 jobs and is 30% of employment.
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CASE STUDY: Lake District - Impacts and Challenges
Employment is seasonal and wages are low. House prices rise, school leavers leave for larger towns with better jobs. Butchers, grocers etc. close to become more profitable tea rooms. Traffic causes congestion and there is demand for more development.
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CASE STUDY: Lake District - Conflict and Management
Roads become congested so locals can't go about daily routine. Character and tradition is taken by tourist shops. House prices increase so locals are pushed out. Tourists damage farmers crops and allow animals to escape. Conflict between activities
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CASE STUDY: Kenya
East Africa and the capital is Nairobi. Equator runs through the middle and borders Indian Ocean on the south-east border for 480km and borders Lake Victoria. Lamu town, Faza fishing village and Takwa Ruins are human attractions. Maasai Mara is phys.
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CASE STUDY: Kenya - Benefits - Social and Cultural
Local cultures and traditions may be preserved. Reduces migration due to new employment opportunities, jobs for locals include building hotels and managing them; these people can learn new skills in this trade. Tourists see beautiful landscapes
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CASE STUDY: Kenya - Benefits - Economic and Environmental
Creates jobs in trade (11%) e.g.: hotels and tourist guides. Demand for local foods and improves infrastructure. 500,000 visitors a year. Locals are more aware of conservation and can help repairs and helps to protect animals.
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CASE STUDY: Kenya - Impacts and Challenges
Local traditions disappear, tourists look down on locals and patronise them. Kenya doesn't gain full benefits, number of visitors fluctuates. Some locals lose their livelihoods. Loss of habitats for airports etc. Loss of peace and quiet.
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CASE STUDY: Kenya - Conflict and Management
Destruction of habitat - environmentalists and developers. Noise pollution - locals and tourists. Local traditions disappear - locals and developers. Doesn't receive full economic benefits - developers and locals. Government put bans in to prevent OD
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CASE STUDY: Eco-tourism - Exploreans Mara Rianta Camp, Kenya 1
A business approach for achieving sustainable development. EMRC is in Narok, 144km NW of Nairobi. Solar energy provides 75% of overall usage, borehole is main water source and is treated by reverse osmosis. A biological enzyme encourages waste break
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CASE STUDY: Eco-tourism - Exploreans Mara Rianta Camp, Kenya 2
A biological enzyme encourages waste breakdown and is then filtered through rocks and gravels. Foods are sources locally and in bulk to reduce packaging. Biodegradable waste is composted and used in the kitchen garden.
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CASE STUDY: Decline of a Tourist Resort - Blackpool
Developed in late 1800s, climate attracted tourists - mild west coast, natural landscape and easily accessible. Growth of overseas package holidays, increase in disposable income, image declined, 18-30s attracted to Magaluf etc. Redeveloped recently
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CASE STUDY: Fairtrade Tourism - Bulunga Lodge, South Africa
Ensures the people whose land, skills, resources and knowledge is being used benefit. Community operated activities e.g.: horseriding, canoeing and fishing. Benefited 33 families other than employees. Improves nutrition and HIV awareness programme.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

France, United States, China, Spain, Italy, United Kingdom, Turkey, Germany, Malaysia

Back

Top 10 most visited countries in 2010

Card 3

Front

A place of attractive scenery or historic interest that attracts a large number of visitors

Back

Preview of the back of card 3

Card 4

Front

Holidays based on a particular area, interest or activity

Back

Preview of the back of card 4

Card 5

Front

The short term movement of people to places away from where they live and work, normally for pleasure but also for business

Back

Preview of the back of card 5
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Comments

calum hardo

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Nice cards

E Robo

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Very useful!

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