Topic B1: Cell Level Systems Definitions 5.0 / 5 based on 1 rating ? BiologyCell Level SystemsGCSEOCR Created by: MiriamLCreated on: 10-01-20 09:20 E.Coli Unicelled bacteria that causes food poisoning 1 of 39 Streptococcus Causes sore throats 2 of 39 Streptomycea Found in soil and we get antibiotics streptomycin from it 3 of 39 Bacterial Cells Different shapes, have cytoplasm, cell wall, cell membrane and genetic material 4 of 39 Flagella Tail like structure used for swimming 5 of 39 Pili Enables the cell to attach to other cells and transfer genetic material 6 of 39 Slime Capsules Outside the cell wall, prevent dehydration, allow it to stick to surfaces and protect from poison 7 of 39 Plasmids A circular piece of DNA that carries extra useful genes 8 of 39 Bacteria Smallest living organism. Consist of 1 cell. They have no nucleus but do have DNA 9 of 39 Cell membrane Barrier controlling the entry and exit of substances 10 of 39 Nucleus Contains DNA, controls the activities of the cell 11 of 39 Cytoplasm Cell contents. Site of chemical reactions in the cell 12 of 39 Ribosomes Site of protein synthesis 13 of 39 Mitochondria Site of aerobic respiration (animal and plants only) 14 of 39 Cell wall Made of cellulose provides support to plant cells 15 of 39 Vacuole Full of cell sap, provides support and storage 16 of 39 Chloroplast Contains green chlorophyll, site of photosynthesis 17 of 39 Eukaryotic cells Have a nucleus, are complex and between 10um and 100um in size. 18 of 39 Prokaryotic cells Do not have a nucleus (dna floats free in the cytoplasm) simpler in structure and have sizes between 1um and 10um 19 of 39 Chromosomes Long coiled molecules of DNA 20 of 39 Genes Short sections of chromosomes 21 of 39 DNA Double stranded helix made of 4 bases g, c, a, t 22 of 39 Transcription Copying DNA in the nucleus onto mRNA 23 of 39 Translation Changing mRNA into amino acids in the right order 24 of 39 Enzymes Type of protein. Biological catalysts, produced by living cells and speed up reactions 25 of 39 Substrate Substance enzymes affect 26 of 39 Active Site place on enzyme where the substrate attaches to 27 of 39 Lock and key theory The substrate fits into the enzyme perfectly 28 of 39 Optimum temperature for animal enzymes 37-40C 29 of 39 Denatured Bonds writhing enzymes break and they unravel. The active site changes shape and the substrate no longer fits 30 of 39 Carbohydrates Provide energy, large molecule called polymers 31 of 39 Protein Provide raw materials for growth and repair. Polymers. Made up of 20 different kinds of amino acids 32 of 39 Digestion Convert large complex molecules to smaller simple soluble ones that can be absorbed into the blood stream 33 of 39 Fats Energy store, provide thermal insulation 34 of 39 Starch Made of many glucose molecules (monomers) 35 of 39 Carbohydreases Enzymes that digest carbohydrates 36 of 39 Proteases Enzymes that digest proteins 37 of 39 Lipids Fats. Made of fatty acids and glycerol 38 of 39 Lipases Enzyme that digests lipids 39 of 39
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