Atoms have a central positive nucleus. Most of the mass of an atom is found in the nucleus.
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what did Bohr discover about the atom
Electrons move in fixed orbits, called electron shells, around the nucleus.
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what are atoms made up of
protons, neutrons and electrons
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what can a electron be existed to
higher energy levels
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what happens to an atom when it is ionised
it loses an electron
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what do atoms of an element have
the same number of protons
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what are isotopes
they are different forms of the same element
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what does nuclear radiation do to atoms
they get ionised
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what can a beta particle be
it can be electrons or positrons
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what do mass and atomic numbers have to do
balance
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what does alpha decay do
decreases the charge and the mass of the nucleus
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what does beta-minus decay do
increases the charge of the nucleus
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what does neutron emission do
decreases the mass of the nucleus
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what are the sources of background radiation
cosmic rays - radiation that reaches the Earth from space
rocks and soil - some rocks are radioactive and give off radioactive radon gas
living things - plants absorb radioactive materials from the soil and these pass up the food chain
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what is a half-life
it is the average time taken for the number of radioactive nuclei of an isotope to halve
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how does radiation damage cell
through ionisation
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what is exposure to radiation called
irradiation
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what in contamination
it is when radioactive particles getting onto objects
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
what did Rutherford discover about the atom
Back
Atoms have a central positive nucleus. Most of the mass of an atom is found in the nucleus.
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