Topic 1 Key Concepts - Definitions (Higher) - PMT Extended

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Anion
A negatively charged ion. Formed when an atom gains at least one electron.
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Atom
The smallest part of an element that can exist. All substances are made up of atoms.
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Atomic Nucleus
Positively charged object composed of protons and neutrons at the centre of every atom with one or more electrons orbiting it.
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Atomic Number
The number of protons in the nucleus.
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Avogadro's Constant (H)
The number of atoms, molecules or ions in a mole of a given substance.
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Cation
A positively charged ion. Formed when an atom loses at least one electron.
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Compound
A substance made up of two or more types of atoms chemically combined together.
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Concentration
The amount of a substance in a certain volume of a solution.
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Conductor
A material that contains charged particles which are free to move to carry electrical or thermal energy.
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Conservation of Mass
A law which states that no atoms are lost or made during a chemical reaction so the mass of the products equals the mass of the reactants.
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Covalent Bond
A shared pair of electrons between two non-metals.
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Dalton Model
Dalton described atoms as solid spheres, stating that different spheres made up the different elements.
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Diamond
A giant covalent structure which is made up of carbon atoms each of which form four covalent bonds with four other carbon atoms.
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Electron
Negatively charged subatomic particle which orbit the nucleus at various energy levels. Very small relative mass.
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Electron Shell
Different energy levels in atoms occupied by electrons.
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Electrostatic Forces
The strong forces of attraction between oppositely charged ions.
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Element
A substance made up of only one type of atom.
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Empirical Formula
The simplest whole number ratio of atoms of each element in a compound.
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Fullerenes
Molecules of carbon atoms with hollow shapes. The structures are based on hexagonal rings of carbon atoms but they may also contain rings with five or seven carbon atoms.
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Giant Covalent Molecule
Molecules containing many atoms covalently bonded together.
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Graphene
A single layer of graphite with properties that make it useful in electronic composites.
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Graphite
A giant covalent structure which is made up of carbon atoms each of which form three covalent bonds with three other carbon atoms. The atoms form layers of hexagonal rings which have no covalent bonds between them. There is one delocalised electron per ca
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Group
A column of the periodic table. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties.
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Intermolecular Forces
The forces which exist between molecules. The strength of the intermolecular forces impact physical properties like boiling/melting point.
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Ion
An atom or molecule with an electric charge due to the loss or gain of electrons.
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Ionic Bond
The bond is formed between the oppositely charged ions when an atom loses electrons to form a positively charged ion and a non-metal gains these electrons to form a negatively charged ion.
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Ionic Compound
Chemical compound formed of oppositely charged ions, held together by strong electrostatic forces.
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Isotope
Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
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Lattice
A repeating regular arrangement of atoms/ions/molecules. This arrangement occurs in crystal structures.
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Limiting Reactant (H)
The reactant that is completely used up since it limits the amount of products formed.
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Mass Number
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
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Metallic Bond
The bonds present in metals between the positive metal ions and the negatively charged electrons.
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Metals
Elements that react to form positive ions. Found to the left and towards the bottom of the periodic table.
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Mole (H)
The unit for amount of substance. The symbol for the unit mole is mol.
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Molecular Formula
The actual ratio of atoms of each element present in a compound.
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Molecule
A group of at least two atoms held together by covalent bonds.
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Neutron
Neutral subatomic particle present in the nucleus of the atom. It has a relative mass of 1.
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Non-Metals
Elements that react to form negative ions. Found towards the right and top of the periodic table.
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Period
A row of the periodic table. Elements in the same period have the same number of electron shells.
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Polymers
Large long-chain molecules made up of lots of small monomers joined together by covalent bonds.
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Proton
Positively charged subatomic particle present in the nucleus of the atom. It has a relative mass of 1.
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Relative Atomic Mass
An average value that takes into account the abundances of the isotopes of the element.
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Relative Formula Mass
The sum of the relative atomic masses of the atoms in the numbers shown in the formula. It is numerically equal to the mass of one mole of a substance in grams.
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Simple Molecules
Molecules containing a fixed number of atoms covalently bonded together.
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Subatomic Particles
Particles smaller than an atom. Protons, neutrons and electrons are the three most common subatomic particles.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Atom

Back

The smallest part of an element that can exist. All substances are made up of atoms.

Card 3

Front

Atomic Nucleus

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Atomic Number

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Avogadro's Constant (H)

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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