Theorists

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  • Created by: Flora
  • Created on: 23-05-13 13:50
Giles Convergence.
Covergence happens when an individual adjusts their speech patterns to match those belonging to another social group or identity. It expresses unity, a feeling of shared identity.
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Giles Divergence.
Divergence happens when an individual adjusts their speech patterns to be distinct from those belonging to a social group or identity. Expresses a feeling of seperation and withdrawl as it draws a boundary.
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Politeness Theories.
These are concerned with creating a persona trying to be accepted and liked.
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Brown And Levinson: The Concept Of Face.
Positive Face which is our need to be liked and accepted. Negative Face which is our right not to be imposed on.
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Positive Politeness.
Shared dialect, informal lexis, informal grammar, and more direct requests with friends to emphasise solidarity.
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Negative Politeness.
Is formal lexis and grammar, indirect requests to emphasise respect where there is a social distance between speakers.
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George Keith and John Shuttleworth.
Women talk more than men they are more polite, indescisive , complain, nag, support eachother more and are more cooperative.
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George Keith and John Shuttleworth.
Men swear more, dont talk about emotions, talk about sport, talk about women and machines in the same way, insult eachother frequently, dominate conversation, speak with more authority , give more commands and interupt more.
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Deficit Model Robin Lakoff.
The differential use of language is due to womens social insecurities and they use tag questions, hedges, super polite forms, empty adjectives, hypercorrect grammar and direct quotation, declarative statements, appologise more, intensifiers.
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Dominance Approach.
Difference in men and womens speech is due to woments subordinate status in society and mens power. As women with authority speak with male traits.
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O’Barr and Atkins.
Rejects deficit theory and argues that those qualties suggested of Lakoff of women may be of individuals that lack power.
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Zimmerman And West.
Argued that the majority of interruptions in conversations are made by males and their dominace in conversation mirrors their dominance in society.
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Deborah Tannen Difference Model.
Status Vs Support. Women talk to gain confirmation whilst males seek the other hand or to prevent others dominating them.
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Indepence Versus Intimacy.
Women think in terms of closeness and support whilst males are concerned with status.
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Advice Versus Understanding.
To many men a complaint is a challenge to find a solution whereas women want sympathy.
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Information Versus Feelings.
Men are more direct and to the point whilst women talk about feelings and opinions.
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Order Versus Proposals.
Women make suggestions to do things in indirect ways but men prefer to use and hear a direct imperative.
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Conflict Versus Comprimise.
Some women refuse to oppose others openly whilst men resist vocally.
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Language And Techonology.
The languange used in radio adverts varies to the television as it does not have the support of pictures, gestures and facial expressions therefore listerners rely on what the speakers say and how they say it.
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Telephone Language.
It shares many features with face to face dialoge, the opening sequence is formulaic and involves the same adjacency pairs. The lack of non verbal communication means it uses strict turn taking rules.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Giles Divergence.

Back

Divergence happens when an individual adjusts their speech patterns to be distinct from those belonging to a social group or identity. Expresses a feeling of seperation and withdrawl as it draws a boundary.

Card 3

Front

Politeness Theories.

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Brown And Levinson: The Concept Of Face.

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Positive Politeness.

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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