9. The main stage fusion process involves mainly...?
The fission of helium to create hydrogen through the CNO cycle
The production of hydrogen
The fusion of hydrogen to create helium through the proton-proton chain
The fission of helium to create hydrogen through the proton-proton chain
10. The proton-proton chain can be represented by the equation...? (where (e+) is a positron (ve) is an electron neutrino and (ɣ) is gamma radiation)
4H = He + 2ve + 2ɣ + 2e+
4H + 2ɣ = He + 2ve + 2e+
4H + 2ve + 2e+ = He + 2ɣ
4H = He + ve + ɣ + e+
11. Stable stars...?
Do not get bigger or smaller because the gravitational force is balanced by the radiation pressure due to fusion
Do not get bigger or smaller because the gravitational force is balanced by the electron degeneracy pressure
Get smaller because the gravitational force is greater than the radiation pressure due to fusion
Get bigger because the gravitational force is smaller than the radiation pressure due to fusion
12. The luminosity of a star is measured in...?
Joules per Square Meter (J/m^2)
Watts per Square Meter (W/m^2)
Joules per Second (J/s) (Watts)
Joules (J)
13. The luminosity of a star depends only on...?
Its size, L = σA
Its temperature and size, L = σA(T^4)
Its temperature, L = σ(T^4)
Its temperature and energy released, L = AE
14. The equation which defines the apparent brightness (b) of a star is...? (Where L is luminosity (Watts), d is the distance to the star (m) and 4π is a constant)
b = (4π(d^2)) / L
b = L / (4π(d^2))
b = L / ((2π^2)d)
b = (L4π(d^2))
15. The apparent brightness (b) of a star is measured in...?
Joules per Second (J/s) (Watts)
Watts per Square Meter (W/m^2)
Joules (J)
Joules per Square Meter (J/m^2)
16. The Wien displacement law states that the peak intensity wavelength (λmax) is related to the temperature of the star (T) by the equation...? (where k is a constant with units meters))
λmax = k / T
λmax = T / k
17. Stars emit black body radiation because...?
Of their extremely high temperature
Of the energy of the electrons which allows them to transition between orbitals in atoms
Of the movement of positively charged hydrogen atoms
Because of their extremely large size
18. The black lines in the emission spectra of a star represent...?
The patterns of absorption of the elements present in the star
The patterns of emission of the elements present in the star
19. What is the order of the (illogical) Harvard star classes in order of decreasing temperature?
F, O, A, M, K, B, G
G, B, K, M, A, O, F
O, B, A, F, G, K, M
M, K, G, F, A, B, O
20. The Doppler Shift observed in the light from distant stars is when...?
he light from stars which are moving away relative to the earth have shorter wavelength absorption patterns
The light from stars which are moving away relative to the earth have longer wavelength absorption patterns
The light from stars which are moving towards us relative to the earth has longer wavelengths of absorption patterns
The light from stars which are moving away relative to the earth have larger frequencies absorption patterns
