The interactionist approach to schizophrenia

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  • Created by: asusre
  • Created on: 29-04-21 22:42
What does diathesis mean?
Diathesis means vulnerability.
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What does stress mean?
Stress is an environmental trigger.
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What is the diathesis-stress model?
The diathesis-stress model argues that both a vulnerability to schizophrenia and an environmental stress-trigger are required to develop the condition.
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Which psychologist proposed the original diathesis-stress model?
Meehl (1962) proposed the original model, where diathesis was entirely genetic and the result of a single ‘schizogene’ and stress was chronic stress during childhood, especially schizophrenogenic parenting.
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What is the modern understanding of diathesis?
Diathesis is not the result of a single schizogene as many genes increase genetic vulnerabilty. Diathesis can include non-genetic factors, especially the effect of trauma on a developing brain.
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Which study found that there is no single schizogene?
Ripke et al. (2014) found that many genes increase genetic vulnerability slightly and so there is no single ‘schizogene’.
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Which study argued that diathesis can include non-genetic factors?
Ingram and Luxton (2005) developed the modern view of diathesis which includes non-genetic factors such as psychological trauma.
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Which study proposed the neurodevelopmental model?
Read et al. (2001) proposed a neurodevelopmental model in which early trauma alters the developing brain. For example, the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) system can become over-active, making the person much more vulnerable to later stress.
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What is the modern understanding of stress?
Stress is anything which can trigger schizophrenia, which can include non-psychological factors such as cannabis use.
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Which study argued that the modern definition of stress ca include non-psychological factors?
Houston et al. (2008) explains that although psychological stress is still considered as very important, a modern definition of stress includes anything that risks triggering schizophrenia, e.g. cannabis use.
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How does cannabis use trigger schizophrenia, according to Houston et al (2008)?
Cannabis increases the risk of schizophrenia by up to seven times according to dose and frequency of use, because it interferes with the dopamine system. There must also be a vulnerability as most cannabis users do not develop schizophrenia.
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What is the interactionist treatment of schizophrenia?
The interactionist approach uses both biological and psychological treatments, particularly the combination of antipsychotics and CBTp.
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What are the strengths of the interactionist approach to schizophrenia?
There is research to support the diathesis-stress model and it has an real-world practical application (interactionist treatment).
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What research supports the diathesis-stress model?
Tienari et al (2004) found that a dysfunctional family environment was implicated in the development of schizophrenia but only for adopted children with a high genetic risk, and not the control group, who lacked a genetic vulnerability to schizophrenia.
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What research supports the effectiveness of the interactionist treatment for schizophrenia?
Tarrier et al (2004) showed that schizophrenia patients in combination groups of biological and psychological treatments showed a greater reduction in symptoms than the group who only took medication.
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What are the limitations of the interactionist approach to schizophrenia?
The original diathesis-stress model is over-simplistic and the success of interactionist treatment does not justify the explanation.
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Which research shows that the original diathesis-stress model was over-simplistic?
Houston et al. (2008) found childhood sexual trauma as a major influence on vulnerability and cannabis use as a major trigger, which contradicts the original model.
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What is the treatment-causation fallacy?
The treatment-causation fallacy is the assumption that a successful treatment for an illness justifies a particular explanation.
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Which research argues that the interactionist approach is subject to the treatment-causation fallacy?
Jarvis and Okami (2019) argue that the effectiveness of combined treatment methods does not prove that the interactionist approach is correct due to the influence of placebo effects.
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What does stress mean?

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Stress is an environmental trigger.

Card 3

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What is the diathesis-stress model?

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Card 4

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Which psychologist proposed the original diathesis-stress model?

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Card 5

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What is the modern understanding of diathesis?

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