Plasma, White Blood Cells, Platelets, Red Blood Cells
1 of 20
What are the three layers of an artery?
Endothelium, Muscle Cells and Elastic Fibres, Tough Protein Fibres
2 of 20
Which blood vessel has valves?
Veins
3 of 20
How do valves in blood vessels work?
The valves shut due to pressure on one side. Skeletal muscles contract to move the blood along, increasing the pressure on the opposite side of the valve.
4 of 20
Where does the Aorta transport blood?
From the heart (oxygenated) to the body
5 of 20
Where does the Vena Cava transport blood?
From the body (deoxygenated) to the heart
6 of 20
What are the atrioventricular valves used for?
To prevent backflow of blood into the atria
7 of 20
What are the stages of the cardiac cycle?
Atrial Systole -> Ventricular Systole -> Diastole
8 of 20
How do you calculate Cardiac Output?
Cardiac Output = Stroke Volume x Heart Rate
9 of 20
I have a heart rate of 75bpm and a cardiac output of 5000cm3. What is my Stroke Volume?
5000/75 = 66.7 cm3
10 of 20
Describe how a heart beat is created:
Sinoatrial node -> Atria contract -> Atroventricular node -> Delay -> Bundle of His -> Purkinje Fibres -> Ventricles contract
11 of 20
How is tissue fluid formed?
Higher hydrostatic pressure forces blood plasma out of capillaries. As pressure reduces and the solute potential increases, fluid drains back in.
12 of 20
Where does 10% of tissue fluid go?
Becomes lymph and eventually returns to blood.
13 of 20
How does an increased fitness affect heart rate?
Stroke volume is greater so heart rate is slower. (stronger myocardial tissue).
14 of 20
Which gland produces adrenaline?
Adrenal Gland
15 of 20
What is an atheroma?
Fatty deposits caused by damage to artery epithelium, inflammation and sclerosis?
16 of 20
Name 3 risk factors for Coronary Heart Disease:
Age, Gender, Genetic Factors, Smoking, High Blood Pressure, High Concentration of Lipoproteins
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