The Causes of World War One and The Role of General Haig

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  • Created by: revisduck
  • Created on: 31-05-22 15:05
World War One dates
28 July 1914 - 11 November 1918
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Who was Kaiser Wilhelm (II)?
The German kaiser and Prussian king
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Who did Kaiser Wilhelm (II) perform a speech to?
To the North German Regatta Association, 1901
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What did his speech show in terms of Germany's ambitions?
Hostility towards other colonies e.g. Britain, desire to be the biggest colony, thirst for power and land, need to conquer more for Germany
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Quote from his speech and what it showed
'no other fleet as we should have' - ambition for power
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Second quote from his speech and what it showed
'undisputed possession' - rightful property of Germany
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Who was Franz Ferdinand and when/where was he shot?
The Austrian archduke in Sarajevo, Bosnia on 28 June 1914
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Who shot Franz Ferdinand?
Bosnian-Serb Gavrilo Princip
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Who blamed who for his death?
Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia
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When does Austria-Hungary send an ultimatum to Serbia?
23 July 1914
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When does Austria-Hungary declare war on Serbia and shells its capital, Belgrade?
28 July 1914
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What do Russian armies do in response to the declaration of war?
Russia prepares to aid Serbia in defending itself against Austria-Hungary and Germany warns Russia not to get involved on 29 July
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What does Germany do in response to the Russian response?
Germany declares war on Russia and begins to move its army towards France and Belgium on 1 August
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What do French armies do in response to the German response?
French armies are ready to fight any German invasion on 2 August
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What does Germany do in response to the French response?
Germany declares war on France and invades Belgium, breaching the Treaty of London on 3 August
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What does Britain do in response to the German response?
Britain orders Germany to withdraw from Belgium and declares war on Germany on 4 August
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What does Austria-Hungary do in response to the war declarations?
Austria-Hungary declares war on Russia on 6 August
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Treaty of London
1839, guaranteed sovereignty of Belgium meaning that Great Britain, Germany and France had to respect and defend Belgium's neutrality - Germany later violates this treaty when it invades Belgium on 4 August
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Entente Cordiale
1905, Britain and France negotiated a treaty and resolved colonial disagreements in Africa, alarmed by Germany's increasing naval power and aggressive colonial policies
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Blank Cheque
6 July 1914, given to Austria-Hungary by Germany signifying that Germany will support Austria-Hungary in their decision to declare war on Serbia unconditionally
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What was the Schlieffen Plan?
Germany's plan to attack France first through Belgium then attack Russia to avoid fighting a war on two fronts
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Triple Entente
Britain, France and Russia
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Triple Alliance
Germany, Austria-Hungary, Italy
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An example of militaristic culture
Colonial rivalry, e.g. the Scramble for Africa, France and Germany agreed that Morocco belonged to France however due to anti-French protests in Morocco, France brought in troops and perceiving this build-up of military, Germany sent a gunboat there resul
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Second example of militaristic culture
Race for naval supremacy, 1898 - 1912, e.g. Britain and Germany competed to build the most impressive fleet and have the biggest ships
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Third example of militaristic culture
Mobilisation, e.g. the increase in railways globally meant that troops, supplies and arms could be transported quicker and more easily, facilitating war if it broke out. Railways also built near other colonies alarmed countries and meant that tensions wer
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Fourth example of militaristic culture
Once in war, countries did not care about maintaining peace or trying to stop conflict but they cared only about doing whatever it took to win and how to emerge on the victorious side
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Tactics Haig used on 1 July 1916 in the Battle of the Somme and thereafter
Committed many troops in an attempt to break through German lines as he concluded releasing vast amounts of soldiers at once was the only way to overpower German lines, used cavalry as he trained as a cavalryman and was the only option in terms of mobilit
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Nature of trench warfare
Enemy trenches were hard to break through or reach at all, between trenches and the enemy was a wasteland called no-man's land, littered with shells and barbed wire and when soldiers rushed out into these empty wastelands they were often caught in the wir
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Battle of the Somme death counts
One million men were killed overall with British troops sustaining 420,000 casualties and 125,000 deaths, French troops sustaining 200,000 casualties and German troops sustaining 500,000 casualties
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Results of the Battle of the Somme
The British advanced just around 7 miles over 141 days and still failed to break the German line, the battle did not break the stalemate on the Western Front as the German lines held, the Germans did not suffer any major strategic defeats and their positi
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Did Haig achieve his goals?
Overall, no, Haig did not because he only achieved one objective - to relieve German pressure on France. His other goals, to break the stalemate, destroy a significant number of German units and punch a hole in German positions were not realised
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

Who was Kaiser Wilhelm (II)?

Back

The German kaiser and Prussian king

Card 3

Front

Who did Kaiser Wilhelm (II) perform a speech to?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What did his speech show in terms of Germany's ambitions?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Quote from his speech and what it showed

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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