Test 2

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  • Created by: isobel_i
  • Created on: 12-12-16 19:29
What is the test for starch?
Add iodine solution and if starch is present it should go blue black
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What is the test for reducing sugars?
Heat with Benedictus solution there is a colour change from blue-green to brick red
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What is the test for non-reducing sugars?
You have to hydrolyse the bond first and then test for reducing sugars as normal
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What is the test for lipids?
Mix with ethanol and if lipids are present it should form a cloudy white emulsion
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What is the test for proteins
Use the buried test and if a protein is present the colour changes from light blue to lilac
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What are proteins made out of?
Amino acids
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What bond is formed when 2 amino acids join together?
Dipeptide
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What is a polypeptide?
When more than 2 amino acids join together
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What is the structure of an amino acid?
R group, carboxyl group and an amine group attached to a carbon atom
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How many structures do proteins have? And what are they?
Primary, secondary, tertiary and quarternary
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What is the primary structure?
The specific sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chains
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What is the secondary structure?
Where hydrogen bonds form between nearby amino acids making the chain coil or fold
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What is the tertiary structure?
The coiled or folded chain of amino acids is coiled or folded further. This structure is 3D
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What is the quaternary structure?
The way in which the amino acids chains are assembled together
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What bonds hold the protein together in the primary structure
Peptide
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What bonds hold the protein together in the secondary structure?
Hydrogen
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What bonds hold the sportier together in the tertiary structure
Ionic, disulphides, hydrophilic/hydrophobic interactions and hydrogen bonds
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What are the features of globular proteins?
Soluble, round and compact
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Examples of globular proteins?
Haemoglobin, insulin and Amylase
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What are the features of a fibrous protein?
Tough and rope shaped, insolvable and strong and unreactive
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What are proteins used for?
Structural, transport, storage, enzymes, hormones, protection and building materials
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How are Dipeptide bonds formed?
Condensation reaction
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What are the 2 main shapes formed in the secondary structure?
Alpha helix and beta pleated sheet
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What are three examples of fibrous proteins?
Collagen, elastin and keratin
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What is an inorganic ion?
Doesn't contain carbon and is important for biological processess
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What are the anions
Nitrate, hydrogen carbonate, chloride, phosphate and hydroxide
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What are the cations
Calcium, sodium, potassium, hydrogen and ammonium
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What causes denaturation?
Heat, acid and bases and heavy metal ions
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What is a biosensor
A device that uses a biological molecule to detect a chemical
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What is chromatography used for?
Separate substances in a mixture
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What is a nucleotide?
A type of biological molecule made from a pentode sugar, a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group
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What do nucleotides make up?
DNA and RNA
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What is the sugar found in DNA?
Deoxyribose
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What are the 4 bases found in DNA
Adenine, thymine, cytosine and guanine
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What is the sugar found in RNA?
Ribose
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What are the 4 bases found in RNA
uracil, adenine, guanine and cytosine
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What is ADP made up of?
Adenine, ribose and 2 phosphate groups
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What is ATP made up of?
Adenine, ribose and 3 phosphate groups
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What is ATP used for?
Provides energy for chemical reactions in the cell
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What is a polynucleotide?
When nucleotides join up between the phosphate group of one nucleotide and the sugar of another.
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What bond forms between 2 polynucleotide strands?
Hydrogen
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What is complementary base pairing?
When A only bonds with T and C only bonds with G
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How many bonds are formed between C and G
3
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how many bonds are formed between A and T?
2
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is the test for reducing sugars?

Back

Heat with Benedictus solution there is a colour change from blue-green to brick red

Card 3

Front

What is the test for non-reducing sugars?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is the test for lipids?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the test for proteins

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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