What analogy does Aquinas use to explain cause and effect?
The arrow is guided by the archer
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From what stand point does Paley argue?
Qua purpose
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What does Paley say that soemthing complex cannot be made from?
"The accidental outworking of natural forces"
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What is the famous analogy Paley uses?
The watch analogy- just as a watch must have a maker, the universe must have a creator
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What does Paley say about the human eye?
It is too complex to be created by chance
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Who argued from beauty?
F. R. Tennant
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How many years before Paley's work is published does Hume criticise it?
About 25
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What book did Hume write?
Dialogue's concerning Natural Religion
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Who are the two characters that argue about design in Hume's book? Who's opinions do the reflect?
Cleanthes- Paley, Philo- Hume
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What is Philo's first argument?
Do like effects lead to like causes, or is this merely perceived? Imperfect world=imperfect creator.
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What Philo say to demonstrate the imperfections of the world, what analogy is used?
"The first rude effort of some infant deity, who afterwards abandoned it." Seeing a badly built house leads to reservations sbout the architct.
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What was Philo's second argument?
The order of the world implies either design or chance, that latter is equally plauible.
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What was Hume's only reservation in regards to the criticism that animals adapting to their environment doesn't neccessarily imply design? How does Darwin resolve this?
Extra organs not needed for survival, like eyes, are inexplicable. But, natural selection means that an extra eye improves field of vision making the animal with two eyes more suited to survival than its one-eyed counter-part.
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What does Dawkins say about Paley's watch maker?
"The 'watch maker' tat is cumulative natural selection is blind to the future and has no long term goal"
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Who wrote the parable of the gardener?
John Wisdom
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What does the sceptic conclude about the invisible gardener?
It is no "different from an imaginary gardener, or no gardener at all"
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What is the name of Charles Darwin's book?
The Origin of the Species
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What did Darwin say about Paley's book 'Natural Theology"
He "hardly ever admired a book more"
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How is the central doctrine of Christion faith, the resurrection of Jesus, challenged by evolution?
No evolution means no Adma and Eve, this means no original sin, no seperation from God and, therefore, Jesus becomes insignificant.
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How does evolution challenge that traditional anthropocentric view of the world?
Same level as animals, not "of their own kind" and not "in the image of God". We will go extinct and haven't always been here.
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Why does Dawkins reject guided evolution?
It implies creation has a purpose, but the 'selfish gene' implies otherwise.
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What does Ridley add to the 'selfish gene' concept?
We have learnt to over-ride it in order to act morally.
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the title of Aquinas' book?
Back
Summa Theologica
Card 3
Front
What analogy does Aquinas use to explain cause and effect?
Back
Card 4
Front
From what stand point does Paley argue?
Back
Card 5
Front
What does Paley say that soemthing complex cannot be made from?
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