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6. As people get older they exhibit the positive memory bias which is...?

  • They try to maintain wellbeing and recall more positive than negative memories
  • Their retrieval of all emotional memories is suppressed
  • They become depressed and retrieve more negative memories
  • Their retrieval of emotional memories does not change

7. What is an example of state dependent retrieval?

  • People being able to recall drunk memories only when they are drunk
  • People developing an unconcious aversion to alcohol after experiencing aversive events whilst drinking
  • People being unable to recall drunk memories unless prompted
  • People being able to recall drunk memories easily

8. What is the Velten technique of mood induction?

  • Pps read self referential statements designed to make them happy or sad
  • MEPs are recorded from muscle groups associated with positive and negative emotions
  • TMS is used to stimulate motor cortex during induction of different emotional states
  • Pps mood is implictly manipulated through odor presentation e.g fear sweat

9. In a study of tree shrews, what does stress from their natural environments cause?

  • Impairs amygdala functioning
  • Reduces axon branching in the hippocampus
  • Facilitates synaptic growth in the hippocampus
  • Causes programmed cell death in the hippocampus

10. Which of these was NOT shown when exposing rats to long term stress hormones?

  • Hippocampal atrophy after long periods
  • Reduced hippocampal firing
  • Increased spatial navigation
  • Impaired memory performance

11. Do patients with damaged amygdalas still show improved memory for arousing stimuli?

  • No, and they dont show the emotional advantage when asked to recall the images an 1hr later
  • No, but they show the emotional advantage when asked to recall the images an 1hr later
  • Yes, and they show the emotional advantage when asked to recall the images an 1hr later
  • Yes, but they dont show the emotional advantage when asked to recall the images an 1hr later

12. In a study using identical twins and combat trauma experience...?

  • The small hippocampus twin with combat experience was most likely to develop PTSD
  • Both twins with small hippocampi will develop PTSD
  • Both twins with large hippocampi will develop PTSD
  • The large hippocampus twin with combat experience was most likely to develop PTSD

13. What was found in a study of emotional valence and arousal?

  • Better recall of highly arousing images and negative recalled better than positive. 1 year later, highly arousing negative best recalled
  • Better recall of highly arousing images but no differences between positive and negative. 1 year later, highly arousing best recalled
  • Better recall of highly arousing images and positive recalled better than negative. 1 year later, highly arousing positive best recalled
  • No differences in arousal but positive recalled better than negative. 1 year later highly arousing positive recalled best

14. When people were asked about the challenger space shuttle explosion...?

  • After 1 day, 21% reported first seeing it on TV and after 5 years 45% report seeing it on TV
  • After 1 day, 45% reported first seeing it on TV and after 5 years 21% report seeing it on TV
  • After 1 day, 21% reported first seeing it on TV and after 2.5 years 45% report seeing it on TV
  • After 1 day, 45% reported first seeing it on TV and after 2.5 years 21% report seeing it on TV

15. Which odor is used to induce unpleasant emotions like disgust?

  • Pyridine
  • Sulphate
  • Chlorine
  • Lavender extract

16. What is used to measure effects of emotional valence and arousal longitudinally?

  • Emotional stroop task
  • International affective pictures
  • Implicit associations task
  • Subliminal priming

17. Stimulus of the amygdala AFTER encoding...

  • Facilitates hippocampus consolidation
  • Decreases activation in other emotion areas
  • Increases empathy
  • Is correlated with emotional understanding and TOM

18. What is there a correlation between?

  • Strength of the amygdala response at encoding and later recall
  • Strength of the amygdala response at encoding and immediate recall
  • Strength of the amygdala response at encoding and hippocampal retrieval
  • Strength of the amygdala response at encoding and wellbeing

19. Which influences memory consolidation more?

  • Semantic salience
  • Perceptual valence
  • Arousal
  • Emotional valence

20. What is a long-term stress hormone released from the adrenal gland?

  • Noradrenaline
  • Oxycontin
  • Glucocorticoid
  • Dopamine