6. In a study where a reward was either what was expected or more/less than expected, what was found?
When reward was more than expected, there was more DP activation and vice versa in the ventral tegmental area
When reward was more than expected, there was less DP activation and vice versa in the pFC
When reward was more than expected, there was less DP activation and vice versa in the ventral tegmental area
When reward was more than expected, there was more DP activation and vice versa in the pFC
7. Which areas seem to be implicated in larger-later rewards?
DLpFC, LOBFC
DLpFC, LOBFC, VStr
Posterior cingulate (PCC), mPFC, VStr
Putamen, mPFC, VStr
8. What is temporal discounting?
The tendency for people to discount rewards as they approach a temporal horizon in the future or the past (i.e., become so distant in time that they cease to be valuable)
The tendency for people to discount rewards that occur closely on the temporal horizon i.e available closer to 'now' as they will have higher cumulative effects in the future
9. What is expected utility?
The psychological as opposed to economic value assigned to an outcome (e.g happiness with getting 50,000 or 100,000)
The probability of the outcome x associated reward (e.g 100% chance of getting 50 - 1/1 x 50 = £50)
10. What is the decoy effect?
Presentation of another option that is inferior in all respects has shown to influence preference
Preference for current state of affairs
11. Dopamine neurons in which 4 areas are linked to rewards?