6. What does the Limbic theory (1937) propose?

The insula and amygdala have a neural circuit which mediates emotion
It is a neual circuit of the cingulate cortex, hippocampus, anterior thalamus and hypothalamus that control our emotion
The orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala have a neural circuit which mediates emotion
It is a neual circuit of the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, superior thalamus and hypothalamus that control our emotion

7. How does the cannon-bard theory challenge the James-lange feedback theory?

Agrees that bodily responses cause emotional experience, but rather than an emphasis on the response cells, states the importance of the CNS.
States that body responses are too undifferentiated and slow to be a source of emotion. Instead a stimulus simultaeneously triggers activity in the autonomic nervous system AND emotional experience.
Emotions are a psychological percept that are not linked to the bodies responses to external stimuli.
Disagrees with the strict processing stages of the James Lange feedback theory.

Each emotion is a point represented on a 2D space dfined by the X axis of arousal (low-high) and valence (positive-negative emotions) E.g happy may share the same x as afraid but with differing valence (y)
The amount of arousal corresponds to which emotion from the innate selection of fear, sad, happy, anger, surprise, digust
Each emotion has an assigned physiological response, e.g happiness --> smiling = an increase in dopamine.
Each emotion is a discrete, independent entity; with the innate basic emotions being fear, sad, anger, surprise, disgust, happiness.

Other emotions are less well understood, with mixed fMRI results and no as of yet brain lesion pps with specfic damage affecting these emotions. Social emotions e.g pride are currently under research scrutiny
Other basic and social emotions have sufficient animal models but no human fMRI research evidence as of yet
Animals lack self awareness, therefore we will never truly understand basic social or emotional responses

A facial expression is presented to the participant and the blood flow between disgust and neutral expressions is compared
A facial expression is presented to the participant and the blood flow of disgust and neutral expressions is recorded
Participants are asked about the expression and the activated brain areas are recorded alongside their response
Participants are asked to imitate the facial expression inside the scanner and the activated brain areas are recorded

A prolonged state of feeling, with a differing scales of arousal
A predisposition to react in a certain way to an event or stimuli which induces a physiological response
A reaction to an event that includes a combo of string feelings, behavioural dispositions and physiological responses
May be used as a synonym for affect, emotion is how the face displays psychological feelings to another

People score lower on the Iowa gambling task if they have a larger temporal lobe
People experience bodily feelings that guide their decisions based on the anticipated pain/pleasure of the outcome.
People score lower on the Iowa gambling task if they have less temporal lobe
The same neurons will fire when you think about how something would feel and how it feels

There is a deterministic relaish between bodily reactions+emotions. Stimuli cause a direct bodily response which in turn creates an emotional experience. There is no emotion without bodily reaction.
Emotions are a psychological percept that are not linked to the bodies responses to external stimuli.
There is a deterministic relaish between bodily reactions+emotions. Stimuli cause an emotional response which in turn creates a bodily reaction. There are no bodily reactions without emotion.
There is an interactive relationship between bodily reactions+emotions. Emotions can cause a bodily reaction which causes a physiological response, and vice versa.

Shows eccrine sweat gland activity which is related to arousal. The lowest response will be shown for emotions such as fear + anxiety
Shows electro-physiological skin response which is relatedto arousal. The lowest response will be shown for emotions such as fear + anxiety
Shows eccrine sweat gland activity which is related to arousal. A response peak will be shown for emotions such as fear + anxiety
Shows electro-physiological skin response which is related to arousal. A response peak will be shown for emotions such as fear + anxiety

Pre-amygdala lesion rats tried to get food but ran away from robogator, post lesion rats showed no fear response to robogator
Pre-amygdala lesion rats showed no fear response to robogator, post lesion rats tried to get food but ran away from robogator
Robogator scared all the rats equally across both conditions
Robogator did not scare the rats in either condition

A left side lesion involving the insula and putamen caused impaired recognition of the disgust expression (face, posture, voice) and also a lower score in disgust questionnaire
A right side lesion involving the insula and putamen caused impaired recognition of the disgust expression (face, posture, voice) and also a lower score in disgust questionnaire
A left side lesion involving the insula and putamen caused impaired recognition of the disgust expression (face, posture, voice) and also a higher score in disgust questionnaire
A right side lesion involving the insula and putamen caused impaired recognition of the disgust expression (face, posture, voice) and also a higher score in disgust questionnaire

Categorical; 6 basic emotions seem to be shared cross culturally, pps selected the model with the correct affect for the emotion
Dimensional; Rats responded in the same way to 6 basic emotion related stimuli e.g surprise = all showed the same physiological startle response
Categorical; Rats responded in the same way to 6 basic emotion related stimuli e.g surprise = all showed the same physiological startle response
Dimensional; 6 basic emotions seem to be shared cross culturally, pps selected the model with the correct affect for the emotion

It is measured how blood flow changes with expression intensity but blood flow is not compared for fear and neutral expressions
Participants are asked about the expression and the activated brain areas are recorded alongside their response
With facial expressions, blood flow is either compared for fear and neutral expressions, or measured how blood flow changes with expression intensity
With facial expressions, blood flow is either compared for fear and neutral expressions but it is not measured how blood flow changes with expression intensity