6. This is when a speaker begins an utterance, then stops and either repeats or repairs it.
Non Standard Grammar
False start
Contraction
7. String of words normally added to a declarative sentence to turn the statement into a question.
Tag question
Interrogative
Elicitative
8. Parallel expressions used across the boundaries of individual speaking turns
Adjacency Pairs
Acent
Turn-taking
9. Language in conversation used for interpersonal reasons and/or socialising
Expressive talk
Interactional talk
Phatic Talk
10. Words or phrases which soften the force of something said.
Hedge
Contraction
Ellipsis
11. The distinctive grammar and vocabulary which is associated with a regional or social use of a language.
Vague Language
Dialect
Accent
12. An alteration that is made by the speaker or addressee, in order to clarify or correct a detail within the conversation
Repairs/Self correction
Contraction
Ellision
13. The omission of part of a grammatical structure.
Vague Language
Ellipsis
Ellision
14. Language to get things done or to transmit content or information (used when the participants are exchanging goods and/or services)
Transactional talk
Phatic talk
Elicitative talk
15. Items that do not make conventional sense, but which are inserted into speech to give the speaker time to think while holding their turn in the conversation.
Filled/unvoiced pause
Ellipsis
Adjacency pairs
16. What are these all examples of hesitations, false starts, fillers, repetitions, overlaps and interruptions.
Back-channeling features
Non-fluency features
Spoken Language purposes
17. An individual's way of speaking
Dialect
Idiolect
Accent
18. The omisson or eliding of one or more sounds/syllables. For example 'don't' become 'dunno'
Contraction
Ellision
Ellipsis
19. Essentially, how something is said. A speaker may use features such as stress, rhythm, pitch, tempo, volume and intonation to emphasise aspects of his/her speech as well as conveying emotion
Spoken Language purposes
Prosodic features
Paralinguistic features
20. Words in speech that refer to something outside of the texts - a sort of verbal pointing. They often will not make sense outside of the context.
