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6. year decker and van winkle found gangs are attractive to working class youths as they gain money and status

  • 1996
  • 2006
  • 1994
  • 2004

7. year mcrobbie and garber created the bedroom culture

  • 1997
  • 1993
  • 1991
  • 1995

8. year shane blackman studied new wave girls

  • 1995
  • 1991
  • 1993
  • 1997

9. year readington said girls were active in subcultures eg vivian westwood in punks

  • 2007
  • 2001
  • 2003
  • 2005

10. year harding said marginalised males use crime to reinforce hegemonic masculinity

  • 2010
  • 2014
  • 2012
  • 2008

11. year sarah thornton studied taste culture

  • 1991
  • 1995
  • 1993
  • 1997

12. year tony jefferson studied teddyboys

  • 1973
  • 1976
  • 1979
  • 1974

13. year carl nightengale found exclusion among black males in Philadelphia

  • 1997
  • 1993
  • 1995
  • 1999

14. year white noted gangs tend to be linked to the underclass

  • 2006
  • 2002
  • 2004
  • 2000

15. year redhead studied how subcultures develop in the media

  • 1990
  • 1992
  • 1994
  • 1996

16. year holland studied nightlife in newcastle

  • 2000
  • 1990
  • 1995
  • 2005

17. year sarah thornton said marriage and disposable income restricted girls taking part in subcultures

  • 1995
  • 1997
  • 1994
  • 1996

18. year postman said childhood is disappearing

  • 1982
  • 1984
  • 1986
  • 1980

19. year lincoln updated bedroom culture to include zones

  • 2006
  • 2008
  • 2004
  • 2002

20. year talcott parsons calls youth a rite of passage

  • 1962
  • 1966
  • 1960
  • 1964