Sociology

Francis 2005 (Gender Identity)

Says: Gender is important part of society and fitting into school often means adopting behaviour which conforms to gender stereotypes.

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Mac and Ghaill (Male Gaze)

Says: Male gaze is sexually objectifying girls by looking them up and down. They say its form of surveillance to prove their 'masculinity'. And reinforces hegemonic masculinity and devalues feminity.

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Sue Lees 1993 (Gender Identities)

Says: Boys boast about their sexual exploits, but when girls are overly sexual or dress inappropriately, they are 'slags'.

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Butler Education Act 1994

All children have to stay in secondary education until the age of 14.

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Comprehensivation 1965

Got rid of the tri-partie systema and created high schools where pupils were mixed.

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National Curriculum 1988

Creates an equality of opportunity as everyone has to study the same subjects.

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Louise Archer et al 2010 (Social Class Differences)

Says: Working class pupils found to get educational success, they would have to change how they spoke and presented themselves. Working class pupils may get their status and value, via 'style'.

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R.R.V.P.E.T.T (Research Methods)

R= Reliability, R= Representativeness, V=Validity, P= Practical Factors, E= Ethical Factors, T= Theoretical, T= Triangulation

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Milgram Experiment (Research Methods)

Experiment on obedience, but not valid as set in artificial environment. Ethics was a big problem with it as people were decided and informed consent not given. People would do what they were told, by what they believed to be an authority figure.

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Zimbardo Standford Prison Experiment (Research Methods)

Experiment on obedience. Found people will obey what they believed to be an authority figure. It was reliable, but ethics was a big problem as people were harmed.

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Bodo Doll Experiment (Research Methods)

Experiment on media impact on behaviour. Children watched adults play with toys, if adults acted violently so did the children, visa versa.

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Murdock (Functionalist Functions of Family)

Says: The functions of family are; education (primary socialisation), economic, reproduction and sexual

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Parsons (Functionalist Functions of Family)

Says: The functions of family are; stabilisation of adult personalities and primary socialisation of children.

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Engels 1820-95 (Marxism and Family)

Says: Nuclear families developed as means of passing on private property to heirs.

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Zaretsky (Marxism and Family)

Says: Family 'cushions' workers from brutal realities of Capitalism.

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Althusser 1971 (Marxism and Family)

Says: In order to Capitalism to survive, working class must submit to ruling class.

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Durkheim (Functionalist Education)

Says: Eduction promotes social stability, creates equality of opportunity and is like a miniature society.

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Parsons (Functionalist Education)

Says: Eduction is vital source of secondary socialisation, and it acts as a bridge between family and work. Education rewards those that put in the effort.

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Davis and Moore (Education)

Says: Education is meritocratic. And education allocates people into the roles they are best suited to (role allocation)

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Bowles and Gintis (Education)

Says: Close correspondence between education and work place (correspondence theory). And education is like factory, suiting needs of economy.

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Althusser (Education)

Says: Education is part of ideological state apparatus, which brainwashes people into accepting conformity.

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Bordieu (Social Class in Education)

Says: Middle class has cultural capital that helps them do well in education and schools reward those who have a significant degree of cultural capital.

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Sociology

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