Simple Triploblasts

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What classification level is protostome?
It is clade of animals (Compromising of all the evolutionary descendants of a common ancestor), !!Not a phylum!!
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What classifies a protostome?
'First mouth', early development (spiral cleavage in most), bilateral symmetry, anterior brain surrounds entrance to digestive tract, paired or fused nerve cords,
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What did the protostomes divide into?
The protostomes divided early in evolution into lophotrochozoa and ecdysozoa
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Lophophore
Mobile feeding structure for immobile animals
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Trochophore
A larval form like a spinning top with a band of beating cilia('wheel bearer')
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Phylum- Bryozoa
Colonial animals (up to 2m zooids in each), each zooid lives in a 'house' excreted by body wall, most marine, swing back and forth and rotate lophophore to increase contact with prey (oscillate)
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How do Bryozoa reproduce?
Sexually by releasing sperm into water, internal fertilisation
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How do Bryozoa protect themselves from predators?
They have a very fact muscle which can withdraw the zooid, some zooids have jaws to protect them from grazing snails
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Phylum- Brachipoda
'Arm foot', solitary marine sessile, feed with moveable lophophore, two-part hinged shell, water drawn into shell where food particles are caught, attach by short stem to rock or sediment, most release gametes into water
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Phylum- Rotifera
'Wheel-bearers', mostly freshwater, some free-moving some sessile, complete gut, move by beating cilia, some are only female, get genetic variation by picking up gene fragments in environment
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How do Rotifera feed?
Coronal cilia sweep particles into mouth, food ground up in gut by structure called mastax
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Phylum- Platyhelminthes
Free-living flatworms, marine freshwater or moist terrestrial environments, triploblastic, bilateral animals, enables gas exchange via diffusion, Digestive tract – one opening, gut often branched, none in some
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What are the 4 classes of Platyhelminthes?
Turbellaria, Trematoda, Monogenea, Cestoda
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Turbellaria
Mostly predators or scavengers, pharynx can be extended by turning inside out, ciliated lower body usually, simple eyes, balance organs, chemo-sensors, all are hermaphrodites, internal fertilisation (penis fencing), small portions can regenerate
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Trematoda
Ventral suckers for attachment, complex life specialised for parasitism, lots of offspring, can be several staged intermediate hosts before definitive host, separate sexes
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Monogenea
External parasites, mainly of fish
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Cestoda
Tapeworms, 2 or more hosts, specialised parasites of vertebrates, most organ systems reduced apart from reproductive system, no gut (absorbs nutrients and camouflages) , head bears hooks for attachment (scolex)
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Card 2

Front

What classifies a protostome?

Back

'First mouth', early development (spiral cleavage in most), bilateral symmetry, anterior brain surrounds entrance to digestive tract, paired or fused nerve cords,

Card 3

Front

What did the protostomes divide into?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Lophophore

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Trochophore

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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