What is the first stage of conversion in sensation?
Accessory structures modify physical stimulus
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What is the second stage of conversion in sensation?
Transduction
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What is the third stage of conversion in sensation?
Sensory nerves send transduced neural energy to the brain
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What is the fourth stage of conversion in sensation?
Sensation is produced when the message reaches the brain
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What is transduction?
When physical energy is picked up by receptors and converted into neural energy
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Define noise
Random excitation or inhibition of neurons that either increases or decreases the sensed intensity of a physical stimulus
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What percentage of times does a person need to be able to detect a stimulus, in order for it to meet the absolute threshold?
50%
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What is Weber's Law?
Change in intensity of stimulus / intensity of standard = C
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What is the difference threshold?
The physical intensity at which a person can detect a stimulus 50% of the time
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Frequency of waves gives what?
The pitch of sound
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Amplitude of the waves gives what?
The volume of sound
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What is the main idea of place theory?
Different places on the basilar membrane vibrate more depending on the pitch
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Which frequencies affect the apex?
Low
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Which frequencies affect the base?
High
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One limitation of place theory states that below what frequency, no place on the membrane vibrates more, yet a person can still distinguish tones below this?
1000Hz
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What is the main idea of frequency theory?
The higher the frequency of the sound, the faster the basilar membrane vibrates
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Above what frequency can the cell not fire any faster, yet humans are still able to distinguish tones?
1000Hz
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What is volleying?
When there is alternation in the firing of hair cells
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Where are photoreceptors located?
Retina
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What causes photopigment in the photoreceptor to break down?
Light
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Which photoreceptor allows for vision in dim light?
Rods
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Which photoreceptor provides colour information?
Cones
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Which photoreceptor contains rhodopsin?
Rods
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Which photoreceptor contains iodopsin?
Cones
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Cones sensitive to short wavelengths produce the sensation of which colour?
Blue
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Cones sensitive to medium wavelengths produce the sensation of which colour?
Green
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Cones sensitive to long wavelengths produce the sensation of which colour?
Red
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What is the first stage of how photoreceptors create sensations?
Information from rods and cones is conveyed to ganglion cells (via bipolar cells) which sends info up the optic nerve to the brain.
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What is the second stage of how photoreceptors create sensations?
All information from the eye meets at the optic chiasm which reroutes it to the thalamus, and then to the visual cortex.
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What is the second stage of how photoreceptors create sensations?
Information from the left visual field goes to the right cerebral hemisphere and vice versa
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Other cards in this set
Card 2
Front
What is the second stage of conversion in sensation?
Back
Transduction
Card 3
Front
What is the third stage of conversion in sensation?
Back
Card 4
Front
What is the fourth stage of conversion in sensation?
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