Science B4

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What damages Enzymes? How does PH affect Enzymes?
They can damaged by acids and alkalis. The shape of the active site will be changed if the bonds holding protein chains together break. they will no longer be able to fit, they become denatured.
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How does temperature affect Enzymes?
At low temps, enzyme reactions get faster if the temp is increased. Above certain temps, the reaction STOPS. Higher temps change an enzyme's shape so they no longer work.
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Why 37 degrees?
This is the temp they work best at in the human body, and is called Optimum Temperature.
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What is Diffusion?
They diffuse from areas of their high concentration to areas of low. E.G. They diffuse out of a tea bag when making tea. Diffusion is a passive process and doesn't need extra energy.
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Supplying Photosynthesis?
Special structures in leaves allow the chemicals needed for photosynthesis to be delivered and waste oxygen to be removed by diffusion.
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Photosynthesis, Diffusion, and Gas Exchange in leaves?
Underside of a leaf contains thousands of tiny holes called Stomata. These allow carbon dioxide into leaf and oxygen out. Diffusion drives these gases from high to low concentrations.
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What is Osmosis?
This is a specific type of diffusion, and the porccessthat moves water molecules into and out of cells. The cell membrane is important in Osmosis.
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Nitrate ions abosorbed by active transport?
More nitrate in soli than roots. Diffusion would move the nitrate ions out of the roots to the soil. But the cells use a process calles Active Transport to pump nitrate from nitrates from soli to roots.
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Another way of getting molecules into cells?
When needing molecules that are in higher concentration in the cell than outside - Active Transport is used. Cells use energy from respiration to molecules from across the membrane. E.G. nitrate taken into roots against their diffusion gradient.
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Why the reactions are not speeding up in photosynthesis?
Extra light doesn't make a difference, but if they dont have CO2, H2O or Chlorophll to use the energy from light to the full. Temperature must also be high enough for the for the reaction to speed up.
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If increased the light, then why would it stop having and impact on Photosynthesis.
Increasing the light intensity stops having an effect becuase one of the factors is in short supply. This factor is called Limiting Factor.
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

How does temperature affect Enzymes?

Back

At low temps, enzyme reactions get faster if the temp is increased. Above certain temps, the reaction STOPS. Higher temps change an enzyme's shape so they no longer work.

Card 3

Front

Why 37 degrees?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What is Diffusion?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Supplying Photosynthesis?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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