For example, a study has been conducted where participants from different cultures are given emotion terms, such as fear and anger, and asked to provide situations where they would experience those emotions in
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Card 7
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Comparison of 4 affect induction procedures : § Recall of valenced event + music § Viewing images + music § Guided imagery § Posing face/voice/body o All four were effective but image with music was most generally effective
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Card 8
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o Emotions as adaptations: Facial expressions and body reactions prepare individual for action and serve as communicative signals
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Emotions as bodily responses: There is emotion-specific activation in the body The body changes to support specific actions The body changes to produce the feeling
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James-Lange (1884) was critiqued by....The body changes are too non-specific to account for the variety of emotional experiences. The body changes are too slow to account for emotions and can be found without the associated emotion being produced.
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Card 11
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Cannon argued that most of the time we are insensitive to autonomic responses. They are simply too inaccessible or dull to cause emotional experience. For example, it has been found that people are only moderately attuned to their heart rate activity
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Card 12
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investigated the importance of the limbic system in experiencing emotions. While using positron emission tomography, participants were asked to recall & re-experience incidents where they experienced sadness, happiness, anger & fear. Researchers....
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conducted an fMRI study in which participants either looked at unpleasant images (bottom-up) or they reappraised neutral images as unpleasant (top-down). Found....
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Gender differences - conducted an fMRI study in which participants had to stop themselves from feeling distressed in response to unpleasant images • In other words, the participants had to use reappraisal (i.e. think about things differently)
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Card 15
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Used a pen experiment in two studies to support FFH without cognition: Participants held a pen in their mouth in ways that either inhibited or facilitated the muscles typically associated with smiling without requiring participants to pose in a .....
