Science C1

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What is an element?
A substance that contains only one sort of atom
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What is an atom?
All substances are made of atoms (very small particles)
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What are in the nucleus of an atom?
Protons and neutrons
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What are they surrounded by?
Electrons
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What is the relative charge of a proton?
+1
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What is the relative charge of a neutron?
0
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What is the relative charge of an electron?
-1
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What type of charge does an atom have?
They have no overall charge
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Atoms of different elements have different numbers of protons , what is this called?
Atomic number
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What tells us how the electrons are arranged around the nucleus in energy levels or shells?
Electron configuration
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Why do alkali metals all have similar properties?
Because their atoms have the same number of electrons (one)
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When they react with non-metal elements what do they from?
Ionic compounds
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Why are noble gases unreactive gases?
Because they have a stable electron arrangement
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What is a compound?
Compounds are substances in which the atoms of two or more elements are chemically combined together
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How can atoms form a chemical bond?
Sharing electrons (covalent bonds) and gaining or loosing electrons (ionic bonds)
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What are compounds formed from?
They are formed from only non-metals atoms that consist of molecules
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What type of rock is limestone?
Sedimentary
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What compound does it mainly consist of?
Calcium carbonate
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What does the earths crust naturally contain?
Elememnts and compounds called minerals
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What are most metals found as?
Metal oxides
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How do you extract a metal from its oxide?
To extract a metal from its oxide the oxygen needs to be removed by heating the oxide with another element in a chemical reaction
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What can copper be used for?
Electrical wiring and plumbing
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What are the properties of copper?
Good conductor of heat and electricity , is malleable (can be hammerd into shape) , does not react with water , ductile (can be drawn into wires)
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How can copper be extracted and what is the process called?
Can be extracted from copper-rich ores using a furnace , this is called smelting
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What is phytomining?
This uses plants to absorb metal compounds
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Why are aluminuim and titanium both useful metals?
Both have a low density and are resistant to corrosion
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How is aluminium extracted?
By using electrolysis
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What is an alloy?
An alloy is a mixture of metals , or a metal and at least one other element
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What is crude oil a mixture of?
Many differnt compounds
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What are most of the compounds found in crude oil?
Hydrocarbons (they contain only the atoms carbon and hydrogen)
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What is the method called to seperate crude oil?
A physical method called distillation
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What are alkanes?
The hydrocarbons that are saturated molecules
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In each carbon in an alkane molecule they have single bonds , how many do they have?
It has four single bonds
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How many carbon atoms does butane have?
4
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What is a mixture of oil and water called?
Emulsion
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What is the structure of the earth?
Inner core , outer core , the mantle and the crust
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What does the thickness of a thin crust varie between?
10km - 100km
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How far does the mantle extend?
It extends almost half way through the centre
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What is the inner and outer made out of?
Nickle and iron
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What was one of the first tectonic theory?
People used to believe the features on the earth's surface were caused by shrinkage as the earth cooled , following its formation. This theory has now been rejected
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What is an atom?

Back

All substances are made of atoms (very small particles)

Card 3

Front

What are in the nucleus of an atom?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are they surrounded by?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What is the relative charge of a proton?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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