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6. What evidence do Marxists use to argue scientific knowledge serves the interests of capitalism?

  • Theoretical work on ballistics was driven by the need to develop new weaponry
  • Biological ideas have been used to justify male domination
  • The idea that capitalists own and control all institutions and what they put out

7. What is the key feature of scientific knowledge, according to Popper?

  • It is not sacred or absolute truth; anyone can question, criticise and prove it false at any time
  • It is based on testable facts that cannot be disputed
  • It is used to maintain inequality

8. What is a paradigm according to Kuhn?

  • A closed belief system
  • Something that tells scientists what reality is, what problems to study, the methods/equipment to use, and what answers they should find
  • A false belief that is used to control the underclass

9. Which of the following is an example of how science is a closed belief system?

  • The case of Dr Velikovsky
  • The Little Green Men
  • Witchcraft among the Azande people

10. What evidence do Feminists use to argue scientific knowledge serves the interests of the patriarchy?

  • The little green men case
  • Biological ideas have been used to justify male domination
  • Theoretical work on ballistics was driven by the need to develop new weaponry

11. What does Popper claim science to be?

  • A religion
  • An open belief system
  • A closed belief system

12. What is falsification?

  • Falsely accusing someone
  • Setting out to try and prove existing theories wrong
  • Setting out to prove other wrong, and therefore yourself right

13. What evidence does Woolgar use to argue that scientific fact is simply a social construct that scientists have to persuade people into accepting?

  • Theoretical work on ballistics
  • The discovery of ‘pulsars’ by the Cambridge astronomy laboratory in 1967
  • The case of Dr Velikovsky in 1950

14. What are the CUDOS norms?

  • Capitalism, Universalism, Devices and Organisational Separatism
  • Communism, Universalism, Disinterestedness, and Organised Scepticism
  • Communication, Unity, Divinity, and Original Scripture

15. Who distinguished between open and closed beliefs systems?

  • Horton
  • Merton
  • Popper

16. Who points out that everything scientists do in the lab is highly constructed and far removed from the natural world?

  • Evans-Pritchard
  • Knorr-Centina
  • Polanyi

17. Who argued that science can only thrive if it receives support from other institutions?

  • Polanyi
  • Merton
  • Horton

18. What did Evans-Pritchard study?

  • Witchcraft among the Azande people of the Sudan
  • Lagoon and Ocean fishing among the Trobriand Islanders
  • Scientology in America