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6. What evidence do Marxists use to argue scientific knowledge serves the interests of capitalism?
- Theoretical work on ballistics was driven by the need to develop new weaponry
- Biological ideas have been used to justify male domination
- The idea that capitalists own and control all institutions and what they put out
7. What is the key feature of scientific knowledge, according to Popper?
- It is not sacred or absolute truth; anyone can question, criticise and prove it false at any time
- It is based on testable facts that cannot be disputed
- It is used to maintain inequality
8. What is a paradigm according to Kuhn?
- A closed belief system
- Something that tells scientists what reality is, what problems to study, the methods/equipment to use, and what answers they should find
- A false belief that is used to control the underclass
9. Which of the following is an example of how science is a closed belief system?
- The case of Dr Velikovsky
- The Little Green Men
- Witchcraft among the Azande people
10. What evidence do Feminists use to argue scientific knowledge serves the interests of the patriarchy?
- The little green men case
- Biological ideas have been used to justify male domination
- Theoretical work on ballistics was driven by the need to develop new weaponry
11. What does Popper claim science to be?
- A religion
- An open belief system
- A closed belief system
12. What is falsification?
- Falsely accusing someone
- Setting out to try and prove existing theories wrong
- Setting out to prove other wrong, and therefore yourself right
13. What evidence does Woolgar use to argue that scientific fact is simply a social construct that scientists have to persuade people into accepting?
- Theoretical work on ballistics
- The discovery of ‘pulsars’ by the Cambridge astronomy laboratory in 1967
- The case of Dr Velikovsky in 1950
14. What are the CUDOS norms?
- Capitalism, Universalism, Devices and Organisational Separatism
- Communism, Universalism, Disinterestedness, and Organised Scepticism
- Communication, Unity, Divinity, and Original Scripture
15. Who distinguished between open and closed beliefs systems?
16. Who points out that everything scientists do in the lab is highly constructed and far removed from the natural world?
- Evans-Pritchard
- Knorr-Centina
- Polanyi
17. Who argued that science can only thrive if it receives support from other institutions?
18. What did Evans-Pritchard study?
- Witchcraft among the Azande people of the Sudan
- Lagoon and Ocean fishing among the Trobriand Islanders
- Scientology in America