Science

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What do plants and animal cells have in common?
Nucleus, Cytoplasm, Mitochondria, Cell Membranes and Ribosomes
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What do plant cells also have?
Cell Wall, Chloroplasts and Permanent Vacuole
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Function of Nucleus?
Contains genetic material, which controls the activities of the cell
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Function of Cytoplasm?
Most chemical processes take place here, controlled by enzymes
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Function of Cell Membranes?
Controls the movement of substances into and out of the cell
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Function of Mitochondria?
Most energy is released by respiration here
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Function of Ribosomes?
Protein synthesis happens here
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Function of Cell Walls?
Strengthens the cell
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Function of Chloroplasts?
Contain chlorophyll, which absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
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Function of Permanent Vacuole?
Filled with cell sap to help keep the cell turgid
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What is the magnification equation?
length of object = length of magnified object ÷ magnification
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What are specialised cells?
Cells may be specialised for a particular function. Their structure will allow them to carry this function out.
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Function of leaf cell
Absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
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Adaptation of leaf cell
Packed with chloroplasts. Regular shaped, closely packed cells form a continuous layer for efficient absorption of sunlight.
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Function of root hair cell?
Absorbs water and mineral ions from the soil
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Adaptation of root hair cell?
Long 'finger-like' process with very thin wall, which gives a large surface area.
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Function of sperm cell?
Fertilises an egg cell - female gamete
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Adaptation of sperm cell?
The head contains genetic information and an enzyme to help penetrate the egg cell membrane. The middle section is packed with mitochondria for energy. The tail moves the sperm to the egg.
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Function of red blood cell?
Contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen to the cells.
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Adaption of red blood cell?
Thin outer membrane to let oxygen diffuse through easily. Shape increases the surface area to allow more oxygen to be absorbed efficiently. No nucleus, so the whole cell is full of haemoglobin.
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When does diffusion occur?
Diffusion occurs when particles spread. They move from a region where they are in high concentration to a region where they are in low concentration. Diffusion happens when the particles are free to move.
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What do you need for osmosis?
two solutions with different concentrations and a partially permeable membrane to separate them
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What a partially permeable membranes
Partially permeable membranes let some substances pass through them, but not others.
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What is osmosis?
Osmosis is the movement of water from a less concentrated solution to a more concentrated solution through a partially permeable membrane.
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Osmosis in plants?
Osmosis is important to plants. They gain water by osmosis through their roots. Water moves into plant cells by osmosis, making them turgid or stiff so that they are able to hold the plant upright.
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What are the different types of energy?
Kinetic, Sound, Thermal, Chemical, Electrical, Gravitational Energy
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What is kinetic energy?
Moving things have kinetic energy. The heavier a thing is and the faster it moves the more kinetic energy it has. All moving things have kinetic energy, even very large things, like planets, and very small ones, like atoms.
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What is sound energy?
A vibrating drum and a plucked guitar string transfer energy to the air as sound. Kinetic energy from the moving air molecules transfers the sound energy to your eardrum.
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What is thermal energy?
Thermal energy is what we call energy that comes from heat. A cup of hot tea has thermal energy in the form of kinetic energy from its particles. Some of this energy is transferred to the particles in cold milk, which you pour in to make the tea cool
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What is chemical energy?
Some chemical reactions release energy. For example, when an explosive goes off, chemical energy stored in it is transferred to the surroundings as thermal energy, sound energy and kinetic energy.
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What is electrical energy?
Some chemical reactions release energy. For example, when an explosive goes off, chemical energy stored in it is transferred to the surroundings as thermal energy, sound energy and kinetic energy.
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What is gravitational energy?
A rock on a mountain has stored energy because of its position above the ground and the pull of gravity. This energy is called gravitational potential energy. This is the energy it would release if it fell.
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What are energy transfer diagrams?
Energy transfer diagrams show the locations of energy stores and energy transfers.
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What are Sankey diagrams?
Sankey diagrams summarise all the energy transfers taking place in a process. The thicker the line or arrow, the greater the amount of energy involved
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What is heat?
The heat an object contains is the amount of its thermal energy, measured in joules or J.
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What is temperature?
The temperature of an object is to do with how hot or cold it is, measured in degrees Celsius. Note that the unit of temperature is written as °C.
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Thermal energy can be transferred by...
conduction convection radiation
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What is non-renewable energy?
Non-renewable energy resources cannot be replaced once they are all used up.
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What is renewable energy?
Renewable energy resources can be replaced, and will not run out.
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What are some renewable energy sources?
Biomass, Wind power, Water power, Geothermal, Solar cells, Solar panels
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What do plant cells also have?

Back

Cell Wall, Chloroplasts and Permanent Vacuole

Card 3

Front

Function of Nucleus?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

Function of Cytoplasm?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

Function of Cell Membranes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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