S2W11 Introduction to research study design - DS

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What are variables?
Measurable attributes that vary across study units
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What are some examples of variables?
Demographics - age, sex, height, weight
Clinical - BP, pulse, oxygen saturation, conscious level
Biological - Blood tests e.g. urea and creatinine
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What is an exposure?
The independent/predictor variable
The 'risk factor' for change in outcome variables
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What are the outcomes?
Dependent/ predicted variable
Change as a consequence of the exposure or intervention
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What are observational studies?
The researcher documents a naturally occuring relationship between exposure and outcome
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What are interventional/experimental studies?
The researcher changes something and measures the effect of the intervention on outcomes
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What are descriptive studies?
Describes characteristics of a group of individuals
Does not try to answer questions or establish relationships between variables.
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What are analytical studies?
Attempt to test a hypothesis and establish casual relationships between variables
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What are prospective studies?
Forward direction - start with exposure/intervention
Follows patients into the future to see whether the outcome occurs
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What are retrospective studies?
Backward direction
Start by seeing if the outcome has occured then look back into the past to determine prior exposure
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What are cohort groups?
One group with shared characteristics
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What are case control groups?
Two or more groups with different exposures
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What is a cross-sectional study?
One moment in time
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What is a longitudinal study?
Repeated measurements over time
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Other cards in this set

Card 2

Front

What are some examples of variables?

Back

Demographics - age, sex, height, weight
Clinical - BP, pulse, oxygen saturation, conscious level
Biological - Blood tests e.g. urea and creatinine

Card 3

Front

What is an exposure?

Back

Preview of the front of card 3

Card 4

Front

What are the outcomes?

Back

Preview of the front of card 4

Card 5

Front

What are observational studies?

Back

Preview of the front of card 5
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