S2W11 Introduction to research study design - DS 0.0 / 5 ? OtherData and statisticsUniversityNone Created by: Tino MurondaCreated on: 17-05-21 16:02 What are variables? Measurable attributes that vary across study units 1 of 14 What are some examples of variables? Demographics - age, sex, height, weight Clinical - BP, pulse, oxygen saturation, conscious level Biological - Blood tests e.g. urea and creatinine 2 of 14 What is an exposure? The independent/predictor variable The 'risk factor' for change in outcome variables 3 of 14 What are the outcomes? Dependent/ predicted variable Change as a consequence of the exposure or intervention 4 of 14 What are observational studies? The researcher documents a naturally occuring relationship between exposure and outcome 5 of 14 What are interventional/experimental studies? The researcher changes something and measures the effect of the intervention on outcomes 6 of 14 What are descriptive studies? Describes characteristics of a group of individuals Does not try to answer questions or establish relationships between variables. 7 of 14 What are analytical studies? Attempt to test a hypothesis and establish casual relationships between variables 8 of 14 What are prospective studies? Forward direction - start with exposure/intervention Follows patients into the future to see whether the outcome occurs 9 of 14 What are retrospective studies? Backward direction Start by seeing if the outcome has occured then look back into the past to determine prior exposure 10 of 14 What are cohort groups? One group with shared characteristics 11 of 14 What are case control groups? Two or more groups with different exposures 12 of 14 What is a cross-sectional study? One moment in time 13 of 14 What is a longitudinal study? Repeated measurements over time 14 of 14
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